Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its anthocyanins: mechanisms, food applications, and clinical insights for postprandial glycemic and lipid regulation
Abstract Postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are key contributors to chronic metabolic disturbances, thereby promoting the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Current dietary interventions aim to effectively control postprandial glucose and lipid levels while ens...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Food Production, Processing and Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-024-00288-8 |
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| author | Thavaree Thilavech Tanyawan Suantawee Charoonsri Chusak Phim On Suklaew Sirichai Adisakwattana |
| author_facet | Thavaree Thilavech Tanyawan Suantawee Charoonsri Chusak Phim On Suklaew Sirichai Adisakwattana |
| author_sort | Thavaree Thilavech |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are key contributors to chronic metabolic disturbances, thereby promoting the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Current dietary interventions aim to effectively control postprandial glucose and lipid levels while ensuring adequate antioxidant intake. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivations have gained attention for their resistant starch content and phytochemical compositions. Notably, black rice is rich in anthocyanins, known for their anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. This review demonstrates the potential of black rice in regulating postprandial glycemic and lipid responses, thus extending its applications to the development of functional food products. Based on in vitro studies, black rice anthocyanins exhibit a variety of mechanisms, including the inhibition of carbohydrate and fat digestive enzymes, binding to bile acids, interference with cholesterol micellization, and the inhibition of glucose and cholesterol uptake in enterocytes. Utilizing black rice flour and its anthocyanin-rich extracts in food products enhances health benefits by suppressing starch digestibility and increasing phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity. Clinical studies support the potential of black rice and its food derivatives to effectively manage postprandial glycemic and lipidemic responses while increasing plasma antioxidant capacity. However, comprehensive, long-term investigations are crucial to delineate the optimal dosage and duration of black rice consumption and further elucidate its positive effects on metabolic responses. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b7d0f15a2a5f44eebf86866eb9df0dc6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2661-8974 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Production, Processing and Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-b7d0f15a2a5f44eebf86866eb9df0dc62025-02-09T12:47:49ZengBMCFood Production, Processing and Nutrition2661-89742025-02-017112610.1186/s43014-024-00288-8Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its anthocyanins: mechanisms, food applications, and clinical insights for postprandial glycemic and lipid regulationThavaree Thilavech0Tanyawan Suantawee1Charoonsri Chusak2Phim On Suklaew3Sirichai Adisakwattana4Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniversityPhytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityPhytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityDepartment of Home Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart UniversityPhytochemical and Functional Food Research Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityAbstract Postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are key contributors to chronic metabolic disturbances, thereby promoting the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Current dietary interventions aim to effectively control postprandial glucose and lipid levels while ensuring adequate antioxidant intake. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivations have gained attention for their resistant starch content and phytochemical compositions. Notably, black rice is rich in anthocyanins, known for their anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects. This review demonstrates the potential of black rice in regulating postprandial glycemic and lipid responses, thus extending its applications to the development of functional food products. Based on in vitro studies, black rice anthocyanins exhibit a variety of mechanisms, including the inhibition of carbohydrate and fat digestive enzymes, binding to bile acids, interference with cholesterol micellization, and the inhibition of glucose and cholesterol uptake in enterocytes. Utilizing black rice flour and its anthocyanin-rich extracts in food products enhances health benefits by suppressing starch digestibility and increasing phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity. Clinical studies support the potential of black rice and its food derivatives to effectively manage postprandial glycemic and lipidemic responses while increasing plasma antioxidant capacity. However, comprehensive, long-term investigations are crucial to delineate the optimal dosage and duration of black rice consumption and further elucidate its positive effects on metabolic responses. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-024-00288-8Black riceAnthocyaninsPostprandial hyperglycemiaPostprandial hyperlipidemia |
| spellingShingle | Thavaree Thilavech Tanyawan Suantawee Charoonsri Chusak Phim On Suklaew Sirichai Adisakwattana Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its anthocyanins: mechanisms, food applications, and clinical insights for postprandial glycemic and lipid regulation Food Production, Processing and Nutrition Black rice Anthocyanins Postprandial hyperglycemia Postprandial hyperlipidemia |
| title | Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its anthocyanins: mechanisms, food applications, and clinical insights for postprandial glycemic and lipid regulation |
| title_full | Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its anthocyanins: mechanisms, food applications, and clinical insights for postprandial glycemic and lipid regulation |
| title_fullStr | Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its anthocyanins: mechanisms, food applications, and clinical insights for postprandial glycemic and lipid regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its anthocyanins: mechanisms, food applications, and clinical insights for postprandial glycemic and lipid regulation |
| title_short | Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its anthocyanins: mechanisms, food applications, and clinical insights for postprandial glycemic and lipid regulation |
| title_sort | black rice oryza sativa l and its anthocyanins mechanisms food applications and clinical insights for postprandial glycemic and lipid regulation |
| topic | Black rice Anthocyanins Postprandial hyperglycemia Postprandial hyperlipidemia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-024-00288-8 |
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