Early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post‐wildfire forests

Abstract Western North America has seen a recent dramatic increase in large and often high‐severity wildfires. After forest fire, understanding patterns of structural recovery is important, as recovery patterns impact critical ecosystem services. Continuous forest monitoring provided by satellite ob...

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Main Authors: Sarah Smith‐Tripp, Nicholas C. Coops, Christopher Mulverhill, Joanne C. White, Sarah Gergel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.420
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author Sarah Smith‐Tripp
Nicholas C. Coops
Christopher Mulverhill
Joanne C. White
Sarah Gergel
author_facet Sarah Smith‐Tripp
Nicholas C. Coops
Christopher Mulverhill
Joanne C. White
Sarah Gergel
author_sort Sarah Smith‐Tripp
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Western North America has seen a recent dramatic increase in large and often high‐severity wildfires. After forest fire, understanding patterns of structural recovery is important, as recovery patterns impact critical ecosystem services. Continuous forest monitoring provided by satellite observations is particularly beneficial to capture the pivotal post‐fire period when forest recovery begins. However, it is challenging to optimize optical satellite imagery to both interpolate current and extrapolate future forest structure and composition. We identified a need to understand how early spectral dynamics (5 years post‐fire) inform patterns of structural recovery after fire disturbance. To create these structural patterns, we collected metrics of forest structure using high‐density Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPAS) lidar (light detection and ranging). We employed a space‐for‐time substitution in the highly fire‐disturbed forests of interior British Columbia. In this region, we collected RPAS lidar and corresponding field plot data 5‐, 8‐, 11‐,12‐, and 16‐years postfire to predict structural attributes relevant to management, including the percent bare ground, the proportion of coniferous trees, stem density, and basal area. We compared forest structural attributes with unique early spectral responses, or trajectories, derived from Landsat time series data 5 years after fire. A total of eight unique spectral recovery trajectories were identified from spectral responses of seven vegetation indices (NBR, NDMI, NDVI, TCA, TCB, TCG, and TCW) that described five distinct patterns of structural recovery captured with RPAS lidar. Two structural patterns covered more than 80% of the study area. Both patterns had strong coniferous regrowth, but one had a higher basal area with more bare ground and the other pattern had a high stem density, but a low basal area and a higher deciduous proportion. Our approach highlights the ability to use early spectral responses to capture unique spectral trajectories and their associated distinct structural recovery patterns.
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spelling doaj-art-b7d041e935a54e65982b9acd9ef5fe8e2025-08-20T02:19:16ZengWileyRemote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation2056-34852025-04-0111222123810.1002/rse2.420Early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post‐wildfire forestsSarah Smith‐Tripp0Nicholas C. Coops1Christopher Mulverhill2Joanne C. White3Sarah Gergel4Department of Forest Resources Management, Forest Sciences Center University of British Columbia 2024‐2424 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia CanadaDepartment of Forest Resources Management, Forest Sciences Center University of British Columbia 2024‐2424 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia CanadaDepartment of Forest Resources Management, Forest Sciences Center University of British Columbia 2024‐2424 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia CanadaCanadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry Centre) Natural Resources Canada 506, West Burnside Road Victoria V8Z 1M5 British Columbia CanadaDepartment of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Forest Sciences Center University of British Columbia 3024‐2424 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia CanadaAbstract Western North America has seen a recent dramatic increase in large and often high‐severity wildfires. After forest fire, understanding patterns of structural recovery is important, as recovery patterns impact critical ecosystem services. Continuous forest monitoring provided by satellite observations is particularly beneficial to capture the pivotal post‐fire period when forest recovery begins. However, it is challenging to optimize optical satellite imagery to both interpolate current and extrapolate future forest structure and composition. We identified a need to understand how early spectral dynamics (5 years post‐fire) inform patterns of structural recovery after fire disturbance. To create these structural patterns, we collected metrics of forest structure using high‐density Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPAS) lidar (light detection and ranging). We employed a space‐for‐time substitution in the highly fire‐disturbed forests of interior British Columbia. In this region, we collected RPAS lidar and corresponding field plot data 5‐, 8‐, 11‐,12‐, and 16‐years postfire to predict structural attributes relevant to management, including the percent bare ground, the proportion of coniferous trees, stem density, and basal area. We compared forest structural attributes with unique early spectral responses, or trajectories, derived from Landsat time series data 5 years after fire. A total of eight unique spectral recovery trajectories were identified from spectral responses of seven vegetation indices (NBR, NDMI, NDVI, TCA, TCB, TCG, and TCW) that described five distinct patterns of structural recovery captured with RPAS lidar. Two structural patterns covered more than 80% of the study area. Both patterns had strong coniferous regrowth, but one had a higher basal area with more bare ground and the other pattern had a high stem density, but a low basal area and a higher deciduous proportion. Our approach highlights the ability to use early spectral responses to capture unique spectral trajectories and their associated distinct structural recovery patterns.https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.420Early spectral responsesecosystem stateforest recoveryRPAS lidarsatellite monitoringwildfire
spellingShingle Sarah Smith‐Tripp
Nicholas C. Coops
Christopher Mulverhill
Joanne C. White
Sarah Gergel
Early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post‐wildfire forests
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation
Early spectral responses
ecosystem state
forest recovery
RPAS lidar
satellite monitoring
wildfire
title Early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post‐wildfire forests
title_full Early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post‐wildfire forests
title_fullStr Early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post‐wildfire forests
title_full_unstemmed Early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post‐wildfire forests
title_short Early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post‐wildfire forests
title_sort early spectral dynamics are indicative of distinct growth patterns in post wildfire forests
topic Early spectral responses
ecosystem state
forest recovery
RPAS lidar
satellite monitoring
wildfire
url https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.420
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AT christophermulverhill earlyspectraldynamicsareindicativeofdistinctgrowthpatternsinpostwildfireforests
AT joannecwhite earlyspectraldynamicsareindicativeofdistinctgrowthpatternsinpostwildfireforests
AT sarahgergel earlyspectraldynamicsareindicativeofdistinctgrowthpatternsinpostwildfireforests