Naringenin attenuates slow-transit constipation by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway: in vivo and in vitro studies

BackgroundSlow-transit constipation (STC) is a widespread functional gastrointestinal condition distinguished by decreased colonic motility as an essential clinical characteristic. The excessive autophagy of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) causes phenotypic changes and functional abnormalities, w...

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Main Authors: Yahui Wang, Xiaopeng Wang, Yifei Qian, Mingming Sun, Huiju Yang, Lianlin Su, Shuai Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1550458/full
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author Yahui Wang
Xiaopeng Wang
Yifei Qian
Mingming Sun
Huiju Yang
Lianlin Su
Shuai Yan
author_facet Yahui Wang
Xiaopeng Wang
Yifei Qian
Mingming Sun
Huiju Yang
Lianlin Su
Shuai Yan
author_sort Yahui Wang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundSlow-transit constipation (STC) is a widespread functional gastrointestinal condition distinguished by decreased colonic motility as an essential clinical characteristic. The excessive autophagy of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) causes phenotypic changes and functional abnormalities, which are important in colonic dysmotility. Naringenin (NAR) has been shown to regulate gastrointestinal motility disorders. The present study aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of naringenin in autophagy in STC and its underlying mechanism.MethodsIn vitro, ICCs were stimulated with L-glutamic acid (GA) to induce autophagy and treated with NAR. A CCK8 assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of NAR. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to examine NAR apoptosis. The expression of the autophagy markers Beclin1 and LC3B, as well as proteins related to the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway was investigated through quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was used to knockdown selective autophagy receptors (NDP52, OPTN, NBR1, and p62) in ICCs. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) was used to evaluate the binding of pS757-ULK1 to the autophagy receptors NDP52 and OPTN in ICCs. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was performed to observe the colocalization of pS757-ULK1 with exogenous NDP52 and OPTN in ICCs. In vivo, male C57BL/6 mice were administered loperamide (10 mg/kg) to establish a constipation model and then treated with NAR (75/150/300 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Finally, colonic tissues were collected for a histological analysis and immunohistochemical for cell growth factor receptor kit (c-Kit) and anoctamin-1 (ANO1).ResultsOur results indicated that NAR improved the survival and apoptosis of ICCs after GA by inhibiting autophagy through the partial suppression of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. Moreover, NAR inhibited the autophagic degradation of pS757-ULK1 by weakening the interactions between pS757-ULK1 and the selective autophagy receptor genes NDP52 and OPTN. Further research revealed that NAR could increase the moisture content of faeces; increase the rate of small intestinal propulsion in mice; increase the serum concentrations of excitatory neurotransmitters such as GAS, 5-HT, MTL, and SP; and increase the expression levels of ANO1 and c-Kit in the colon, and the molecular mechanism was consistent with the in vitro results.ConclusionNAR attenuates the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in ICCs, thereby improving STC colonic dysmotility and underscoring its promise as a therapeutic option for STC.
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spelling doaj-art-b7c8b6dd956240cdb2dbf616b45076752025-08-20T02:39:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-06-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15504581550458Naringenin attenuates slow-transit constipation by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway: in vivo and in vitro studiesYahui Wang0Xiaopeng Wang1Yifei Qian2Mingming Sun3Huiju Yang4Lianlin Su5Shuai Yan6Department of Anorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United StatesDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaBackgroundSlow-transit constipation (STC) is a widespread functional gastrointestinal condition distinguished by decreased colonic motility as an essential clinical characteristic. The excessive autophagy of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) causes phenotypic changes and functional abnormalities, which are important in colonic dysmotility. Naringenin (NAR) has been shown to regulate gastrointestinal motility disorders. The present study aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of naringenin in autophagy in STC and its underlying mechanism.MethodsIn vitro, ICCs were stimulated with L-glutamic acid (GA) to induce autophagy and treated with NAR. A CCK8 assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of NAR. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to examine NAR apoptosis. The expression of the autophagy markers Beclin1 and LC3B, as well as proteins related to the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway was investigated through quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was used to knockdown selective autophagy receptors (NDP52, OPTN, NBR1, and p62) in ICCs. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) was used to evaluate the binding of pS757-ULK1 to the autophagy receptors NDP52 and OPTN in ICCs. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was performed to observe the colocalization of pS757-ULK1 with exogenous NDP52 and OPTN in ICCs. In vivo, male C57BL/6 mice were administered loperamide (10 mg/kg) to establish a constipation model and then treated with NAR (75/150/300 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Finally, colonic tissues were collected for a histological analysis and immunohistochemical for cell growth factor receptor kit (c-Kit) and anoctamin-1 (ANO1).ResultsOur results indicated that NAR improved the survival and apoptosis of ICCs after GA by inhibiting autophagy through the partial suppression of the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. Moreover, NAR inhibited the autophagic degradation of pS757-ULK1 by weakening the interactions between pS757-ULK1 and the selective autophagy receptor genes NDP52 and OPTN. Further research revealed that NAR could increase the moisture content of faeces; increase the rate of small intestinal propulsion in mice; increase the serum concentrations of excitatory neurotransmitters such as GAS, 5-HT, MTL, and SP; and increase the expression levels of ANO1 and c-Kit in the colon, and the molecular mechanism was consistent with the in vitro results.ConclusionNAR attenuates the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in ICCs, thereby improving STC colonic dysmotility and underscoring its promise as a therapeutic option for STC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1550458/fullnaringeninautophagyAMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathwayinterstitial cells of Cajalslow transit constipation
spellingShingle Yahui Wang
Xiaopeng Wang
Yifei Qian
Mingming Sun
Huiju Yang
Lianlin Su
Shuai Yan
Naringenin attenuates slow-transit constipation by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway: in vivo and in vitro studies
Frontiers in Pharmacology
naringenin
autophagy
AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway
interstitial cells of Cajal
slow transit constipation
title Naringenin attenuates slow-transit constipation by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway: in vivo and in vitro studies
title_full Naringenin attenuates slow-transit constipation by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway: in vivo and in vitro studies
title_fullStr Naringenin attenuates slow-transit constipation by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway: in vivo and in vitro studies
title_full_unstemmed Naringenin attenuates slow-transit constipation by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway: in vivo and in vitro studies
title_short Naringenin attenuates slow-transit constipation by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway: in vivo and in vitro studies
title_sort naringenin attenuates slow transit constipation by regulating the ampk mtor ulk1 signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro studies
topic naringenin
autophagy
AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway
interstitial cells of Cajal
slow transit constipation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1550458/full
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