Optimizing recycled aggregate concrete performance with chemically and mechanically activated fly ash in combination with coconut fiber

Abstract As a matter of fact, although RCA is inferior to that of NA (natural aggregate) in terms of performance, RCA is currently being used extensively in concrete production as a sustainable solution due to global increasing construction waste. To overcome these limitations, several mechanisms an...

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Main Authors: Tariq Ali, Muhammad Zeeshan Qureshi, Kennedy C. Onyelowe, Essam Althaqafi, Ahmed deifalla, Hawreen Ahmed, Ali Ajwad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92227-x
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author Tariq Ali
Muhammad Zeeshan Qureshi
Kennedy C. Onyelowe
Essam Althaqafi
Ahmed deifalla
Hawreen Ahmed
Ali Ajwad
author_facet Tariq Ali
Muhammad Zeeshan Qureshi
Kennedy C. Onyelowe
Essam Althaqafi
Ahmed deifalla
Hawreen Ahmed
Ali Ajwad
author_sort Tariq Ali
collection DOAJ
description Abstract As a matter of fact, although RCA is inferior to that of NA (natural aggregate) in terms of performance, RCA is currently being used extensively in concrete production as a sustainable solution due to global increasing construction waste. To overcome these limitations, several mechanisms and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been investigated in the recent past. This study investigates the combined effect of natural fiber coconut (0%, 0.5%,1%,1.5% and 2%) and activated fly ash (mechanically and chemically) on performance of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Four concrete compositions were studied: a control group with varying RCA percentages and no fly ash, second group with 30% inactive fly ash, third group with 30% mechanically activated fly ash, and a fourth group with 30% chemically activated fly ash. The findings revealed that the addition of 30% chemically activated fly ash with 1.5% CF increased compressive strength by 25%, tensile strength by 17% for 100% RCA mix, While strength losses for the same mix are 7.18% after one month and 22.14% after three months of acid exposure. Scanning electron microscopy further validates the enhanced packing density and effective crack filling in the optimized mixes, highlighting their superior performance. This approach holds significant potential for advancing sustainable development pathways in high-performance structural concrete, particularly in regions prioritizing green building solutions.
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spelling doaj-art-b7c7d0c5340f43f6a87a718419fb57e22025-08-20T02:52:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-92227-xOptimizing recycled aggregate concrete performance with chemically and mechanically activated fly ash in combination with coconut fiberTariq Ali0Muhammad Zeeshan Qureshi1Kennedy C. Onyelowe2Essam Althaqafi3Ahmed deifalla4Hawreen Ahmed5Ali Ajwad6Department of Civil Engineering, Swedish College of Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kampala International UniversityCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in EgyptDepartment of Highway and Bridge Engineering, Technical Engineering College, Erbil Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Management and TechnologyAbstract As a matter of fact, although RCA is inferior to that of NA (natural aggregate) in terms of performance, RCA is currently being used extensively in concrete production as a sustainable solution due to global increasing construction waste. To overcome these limitations, several mechanisms and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been investigated in the recent past. This study investigates the combined effect of natural fiber coconut (0%, 0.5%,1%,1.5% and 2%) and activated fly ash (mechanically and chemically) on performance of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Four concrete compositions were studied: a control group with varying RCA percentages and no fly ash, second group with 30% inactive fly ash, third group with 30% mechanically activated fly ash, and a fourth group with 30% chemically activated fly ash. The findings revealed that the addition of 30% chemically activated fly ash with 1.5% CF increased compressive strength by 25%, tensile strength by 17% for 100% RCA mix, While strength losses for the same mix are 7.18% after one month and 22.14% after three months of acid exposure. Scanning electron microscopy further validates the enhanced packing density and effective crack filling in the optimized mixes, highlighting their superior performance. This approach holds significant potential for advancing sustainable development pathways in high-performance structural concrete, particularly in regions prioritizing green building solutions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92227-xFly ashCoconut fiberMechanical and durability propertiesSEM
spellingShingle Tariq Ali
Muhammad Zeeshan Qureshi
Kennedy C. Onyelowe
Essam Althaqafi
Ahmed deifalla
Hawreen Ahmed
Ali Ajwad
Optimizing recycled aggregate concrete performance with chemically and mechanically activated fly ash in combination with coconut fiber
Scientific Reports
Fly ash
Coconut fiber
Mechanical and durability properties
SEM
title Optimizing recycled aggregate concrete performance with chemically and mechanically activated fly ash in combination with coconut fiber
title_full Optimizing recycled aggregate concrete performance with chemically and mechanically activated fly ash in combination with coconut fiber
title_fullStr Optimizing recycled aggregate concrete performance with chemically and mechanically activated fly ash in combination with coconut fiber
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing recycled aggregate concrete performance with chemically and mechanically activated fly ash in combination with coconut fiber
title_short Optimizing recycled aggregate concrete performance with chemically and mechanically activated fly ash in combination with coconut fiber
title_sort optimizing recycled aggregate concrete performance with chemically and mechanically activated fly ash in combination with coconut fiber
topic Fly ash
Coconut fiber
Mechanical and durability properties
SEM
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92227-x
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