Insights into different microwave-activated persulfate systems for chlorpyrifos degradation in soil: Impacts of soil properties, toxicity, and energy consumption

Different microwave-activated persulfate (MP) systems exhibit considerable degradation efficiency towards chlorpyrifos in soil, a typical organophosphorus pesticide. However, only considering degradation efficiency cannot fully verify the effectiveness of MP systems in remediating chlorpyrifos-conta...

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Main Authors: Xiao Shang, Li Gao, Zheng Sun, Zhenming Liang, Xitao Liu, Chunye Lin, Mengchang He, Wei Ouyang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Soil & Environmental Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949919425000123
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author Xiao Shang
Li Gao
Zheng Sun
Zhenming Liang
Xitao Liu
Chunye Lin
Mengchang He
Wei Ouyang
author_facet Xiao Shang
Li Gao
Zheng Sun
Zhenming Liang
Xitao Liu
Chunye Lin
Mengchang He
Wei Ouyang
author_sort Xiao Shang
collection DOAJ
description Different microwave-activated persulfate (MP) systems exhibit considerable degradation efficiency towards chlorpyrifos in soil, a typical organophosphorus pesticide. However, only considering degradation efficiency cannot fully verify the effectiveness of MP systems in remediating chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil. Multiple evaluations, including soil characterization, toxicity assessment, and energy consumption estimation, were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of MP technologies. While the differences in soil morphology and structure were relatively small, soil dissolved organic matter varied with different MP treatments. Compared with parent compounds, the predicted toxicity of the degradation products was reduced. The acute toxicity and phytotoxicity of the solid phase reduced after the MP treatments, with the germination rate, and stem and root lengths of tall fescue being increased. However, the toxicity of residual oxidants in the liquid phase cannot be ignored, reducing ∼35% germination rate in ryegrass seed and luminescence intensity in bacteria. A constant microwave temperature was beneficial for degrading lower concentrations of chlorpyrifos, whereas constant microwave power was beneficial for degrading higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos. In short, the MP technology may be suitable for remediating chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil, and a comprehensive evaluation provides a theoretical basis for its practical application in soil remediation.
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issn 2949-9194
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Soil & Environmental Health
spelling doaj-art-b7bf1bbf8b034e8096e8933ec821f9042025-08-20T02:12:46ZengElsevierSoil & Environmental Health2949-91942025-04-013210013910.1016/j.seh.2025.100139Insights into different microwave-activated persulfate systems for chlorpyrifos degradation in soil: Impacts of soil properties, toxicity, and energy consumptionXiao Shang0Li Gao1Zheng Sun2Zhenming Liang3Xitao Liu4Chunye Lin5Mengchang He6Wei Ouyang7North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Beijing, 100120, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, ChinaNorth China Power Engineering Co., Ltd of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Beijing, 100120, ChinaNorth China Power Engineering Co., Ltd of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Beijing, 100120, ChinaNorth China Power Engineering Co., Ltd of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Beijing, 100120, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, ChinaDifferent microwave-activated persulfate (MP) systems exhibit considerable degradation efficiency towards chlorpyrifos in soil, a typical organophosphorus pesticide. However, only considering degradation efficiency cannot fully verify the effectiveness of MP systems in remediating chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil. Multiple evaluations, including soil characterization, toxicity assessment, and energy consumption estimation, were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of MP technologies. While the differences in soil morphology and structure were relatively small, soil dissolved organic matter varied with different MP treatments. Compared with parent compounds, the predicted toxicity of the degradation products was reduced. The acute toxicity and phytotoxicity of the solid phase reduced after the MP treatments, with the germination rate, and stem and root lengths of tall fescue being increased. However, the toxicity of residual oxidants in the liquid phase cannot be ignored, reducing ∼35% germination rate in ryegrass seed and luminescence intensity in bacteria. A constant microwave temperature was beneficial for degrading lower concentrations of chlorpyrifos, whereas constant microwave power was beneficial for degrading higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos. In short, the MP technology may be suitable for remediating chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil, and a comprehensive evaluation provides a theoretical basis for its practical application in soil remediation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949919425000123PhytotoxicityAcute toxicityResidual oxidantsDegradation productsSoil morphologyDissolved organic matter
spellingShingle Xiao Shang
Li Gao
Zheng Sun
Zhenming Liang
Xitao Liu
Chunye Lin
Mengchang He
Wei Ouyang
Insights into different microwave-activated persulfate systems for chlorpyrifos degradation in soil: Impacts of soil properties, toxicity, and energy consumption
Soil & Environmental Health
Phytotoxicity
Acute toxicity
Residual oxidants
Degradation products
Soil morphology
Dissolved organic matter
title Insights into different microwave-activated persulfate systems for chlorpyrifos degradation in soil: Impacts of soil properties, toxicity, and energy consumption
title_full Insights into different microwave-activated persulfate systems for chlorpyrifos degradation in soil: Impacts of soil properties, toxicity, and energy consumption
title_fullStr Insights into different microwave-activated persulfate systems for chlorpyrifos degradation in soil: Impacts of soil properties, toxicity, and energy consumption
title_full_unstemmed Insights into different microwave-activated persulfate systems for chlorpyrifos degradation in soil: Impacts of soil properties, toxicity, and energy consumption
title_short Insights into different microwave-activated persulfate systems for chlorpyrifos degradation in soil: Impacts of soil properties, toxicity, and energy consumption
title_sort insights into different microwave activated persulfate systems for chlorpyrifos degradation in soil impacts of soil properties toxicity and energy consumption
topic Phytotoxicity
Acute toxicity
Residual oxidants
Degradation products
Soil morphology
Dissolved organic matter
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949919425000123
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