An actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens-induced thermopower for four-dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvesting

Abstract Thermoelectric (TE) ionogel have emerged as promising materials for harvesting low-grade heat owing to their flexibility and giant thermopower. However, current high-performance TE ionogel requires multi-component systems, resulting in trade-offs between TE performance, mechanics, and ion l...

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Main Authors: Liuqi Cao, Tingting Sun, Huiru Zhao, MengHan Shang, Lianjun Wang, Wan Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60103-x
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author Liuqi Cao
Tingting Sun
Huiru Zhao
MengHan Shang
Lianjun Wang
Wan Jiang
author_facet Liuqi Cao
Tingting Sun
Huiru Zhao
MengHan Shang
Lianjun Wang
Wan Jiang
author_sort Liuqi Cao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Thermoelectric (TE) ionogel have emerged as promising materials for harvesting low-grade heat owing to their flexibility and giant thermopower. However, current high-performance TE ionogel requires multi-component systems, resulting in trade-offs between TE performance, mechanics, and ion leakage risk. Moreover, the humidity-dependent thermopower and two-dimensional device architectures restrict their practical applications. Here, a thermally actuated TE ionogel fiber is designed by tailoring the interactions between liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) network and ionic liquid. Fine tuning the mesogen orientation of LCE network ensures ~3-fold thermopower boost (25.8 mV K−1) and ~30-fold electrical conductivity boom (21.5 mS m−1) at low humidity (<30% RH). Furthermore, an actuatable gripper-structured TE device can be successfully integrated, which could four-dimensional dynamically adapt to complex-geometry heat source and enable decoupled recognition of size/shapes and temperatures of the heat source. The design concepts of actuatable thermoelectrics pave ways for their commercial successes in smart wearables and soft robots.
format Article
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issn 2041-1723
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publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-b7bb76dad3d144979f4e105d69cd42362025-08-20T03:03:44ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-60103-xAn actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens-induced thermopower for four-dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvestingLiuqi Cao0Tingting Sun1Huiru Zhao2MengHan Shang3Lianjun Wang4Wan Jiang5State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua UniversityCollege of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua UniversityAbstract Thermoelectric (TE) ionogel have emerged as promising materials for harvesting low-grade heat owing to their flexibility and giant thermopower. However, current high-performance TE ionogel requires multi-component systems, resulting in trade-offs between TE performance, mechanics, and ion leakage risk. Moreover, the humidity-dependent thermopower and two-dimensional device architectures restrict their practical applications. Here, a thermally actuated TE ionogel fiber is designed by tailoring the interactions between liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) network and ionic liquid. Fine tuning the mesogen orientation of LCE network ensures ~3-fold thermopower boost (25.8 mV K−1) and ~30-fold electrical conductivity boom (21.5 mS m−1) at low humidity (<30% RH). Furthermore, an actuatable gripper-structured TE device can be successfully integrated, which could four-dimensional dynamically adapt to complex-geometry heat source and enable decoupled recognition of size/shapes and temperatures of the heat source. The design concepts of actuatable thermoelectrics pave ways for their commercial successes in smart wearables and soft robots.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60103-x
spellingShingle Liuqi Cao
Tingting Sun
Huiru Zhao
MengHan Shang
Lianjun Wang
Wan Jiang
An actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens-induced thermopower for four-dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvesting
Nature Communications
title An actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens-induced thermopower for four-dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvesting
title_full An actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens-induced thermopower for four-dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvesting
title_fullStr An actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens-induced thermopower for four-dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvesting
title_full_unstemmed An actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens-induced thermopower for four-dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvesting
title_short An actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens-induced thermopower for four-dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvesting
title_sort actuatable ionogel thermoelectric fiber with aligned mesogens induced thermopower for four dimensional dynamically adaptive heat harvesting
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60103-x
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