Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors

Herein, a novel set of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives containing thiourea and urea scaffolds were synthesized, characterized (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis). These compounds were biologically evaluated for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, identifying 5f as the most act...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Etab AlRashidi, Siwar Ghannay, Abuzar E.A.E. Albadri, Majdi Abid, Adel Kadri, Kaiss Aouadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-10-01
Series:Heliyon
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024144076
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850194121334980608
author Etab AlRashidi
Siwar Ghannay
Abuzar E.A.E. Albadri
Majdi Abid
Adel Kadri
Kaiss Aouadi
author_facet Etab AlRashidi
Siwar Ghannay
Abuzar E.A.E. Albadri
Majdi Abid
Adel Kadri
Kaiss Aouadi
author_sort Etab AlRashidi
collection DOAJ
description Herein, a novel set of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives containing thiourea and urea scaffolds were synthesized, characterized (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis). These compounds were biologically evaluated for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, identifying 5f as the most active (IC50 26.67 ± 1.25 μM and 39.12 ± 1.83 μM against α-amylase α-glucosidase, respectively), better than the standard, acarbose. Enzymatic kinetic results showed that 5f and acarbose complete competitive type inhibitors. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) demonstrated that undergoing substitutions on R1 and R2 groups attached to the thiourea/urea moiety chains controlled the activity. Besides, in-silico ADMET study showed that almost title compounds exhibited satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties. In molecular docking study, the top performing compound (5f) exhibited higher binding energies (−5.501 and −6.414 kcal/mol, respectively) showing crucial interactions and that snuggly fit in their active site. To shed light on their mechanism of action, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations approach executed at 100 ns duration authenticated the high stability of 5f-1B2Y and 5f-3A4A complexes. The results of this investigation disclosed that compound 5f may serve as a potential lead, accomplished with in vivo studies, for the management of diabetes.
format Article
id doaj-art-b7b4be9bae6e44568334ef0a4a3efb58
institution OA Journals
issn 2405-8440
language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Heliyon
spelling doaj-art-b7b4be9bae6e44568334ef0a4a3efb582025-08-20T02:14:03ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-10-011020e3837610.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38376Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitorsEtab AlRashidi0Siwar Ghannay1Abuzar E.A.E. Albadri2Majdi Abid3Adel Kadri4Kaiss Aouadi5Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65431, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Science of Sfax, Department of Chemistry, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia; Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65431, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Herein, a novel set of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives containing thiourea and urea scaffolds were synthesized, characterized (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis). These compounds were biologically evaluated for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, identifying 5f as the most active (IC50 26.67 ± 1.25 μM and 39.12 ± 1.83 μM against α-amylase α-glucosidase, respectively), better than the standard, acarbose. Enzymatic kinetic results showed that 5f and acarbose complete competitive type inhibitors. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) demonstrated that undergoing substitutions on R1 and R2 groups attached to the thiourea/urea moiety chains controlled the activity. Besides, in-silico ADMET study showed that almost title compounds exhibited satisfactory pharmacokinetic properties. In molecular docking study, the top performing compound (5f) exhibited higher binding energies (−5.501 and −6.414 kcal/mol, respectively) showing crucial interactions and that snuggly fit in their active site. To shed light on their mechanism of action, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations approach executed at 100 ns duration authenticated the high stability of 5f-1B2Y and 5f-3A4A complexes. The results of this investigation disclosed that compound 5f may serve as a potential lead, accomplished with in vivo studies, for the management of diabetes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024144076Diabetes mellitusImidazo-isoxazole derivativesα-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitionEnzymatic kineticsSAR analysisADMET
spellingShingle Etab AlRashidi
Siwar Ghannay
Abuzar E.A.E. Albadri
Majdi Abid
Adel Kadri
Kaiss Aouadi
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors
Heliyon
Diabetes mellitus
Imidazo-isoxazole derivatives
α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition
Enzymatic kinetics
SAR analysis
ADMET
title Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors
title_full Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors
title_fullStr Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors
title_full_unstemmed Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors
title_short Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo-isoxazole derivatives targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors
title_sort design synthesis biological evaluation kinetic studies and molecular modeling of imidazo isoxazole derivatives targeting both α amylase and α glucosidase inhibitors
topic Diabetes mellitus
Imidazo-isoxazole derivatives
α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition
Enzymatic kinetics
SAR analysis
ADMET
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024144076
work_keys_str_mv AT etabalrashidi designsynthesisbiologicalevaluationkineticstudiesandmolecularmodelingofimidazoisoxazolederivativestargetingbothaamylaseandaglucosidaseinhibitors
AT siwarghannay designsynthesisbiologicalevaluationkineticstudiesandmolecularmodelingofimidazoisoxazolederivativestargetingbothaamylaseandaglucosidaseinhibitors
AT abuzareaealbadri designsynthesisbiologicalevaluationkineticstudiesandmolecularmodelingofimidazoisoxazolederivativestargetingbothaamylaseandaglucosidaseinhibitors
AT majdiabid designsynthesisbiologicalevaluationkineticstudiesandmolecularmodelingofimidazoisoxazolederivativestargetingbothaamylaseandaglucosidaseinhibitors
AT adelkadri designsynthesisbiologicalevaluationkineticstudiesandmolecularmodelingofimidazoisoxazolederivativestargetingbothaamylaseandaglucosidaseinhibitors
AT kaissaouadi designsynthesisbiologicalevaluationkineticstudiesandmolecularmodelingofimidazoisoxazolederivativestargetingbothaamylaseandaglucosidaseinhibitors