Micro-meso-macroporous channels finely tailored for highly efficient moisture energy harvesting

Abstract Water and ion channels are crucial for moisture energy harvesting, requiring precise pore design for mass transfer control. However, the key challenge lies in managing the localized assembly process of membrane materials to arrange them orderly, forming confined mass transfer pathways and s...

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Main Authors: Chenxing Wang, Peng Duan, Yinpeng Huang, Xulei Lu, Chunqiao Fu, Yong Zhang, Linmao Qian, Tingting Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61898-5
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author Chenxing Wang
Peng Duan
Yinpeng Huang
Xulei Lu
Chunqiao Fu
Yong Zhang
Linmao Qian
Tingting Yang
author_facet Chenxing Wang
Peng Duan
Yinpeng Huang
Xulei Lu
Chunqiao Fu
Yong Zhang
Linmao Qian
Tingting Yang
author_sort Chenxing Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Water and ion channels are crucial for moisture energy harvesting, requiring precise pore design for mass transfer control. However, the key challenge lies in managing the localized assembly process of membrane materials to arrange them orderly, forming confined mass transfer pathways and stable solid-liquid interfaces. This is essential for exploring the interrelationship among channel morphological characteristics, mass transfer dynamics, and device power generation performance. This work proposes the use of freeze-assisted salting-out to meticulously construct hydrogel bilayer membranes with micro-meso-macroporous oriented channels and asymmetric charge characteristics. The produced polyvinyl alcohol/MXene hydrogel devices achieved a V oc × J sc of 11.4 μW cm−2 (pure hydrovoltaic effect) and 146 μW cm−2 (with active electrodes) at 25 °C, 45%RH, surpassing most moisture-based generators. In addition, the power generation performance is highly consistent with the Hofmeister series, with stronger salting-out effect to obtain more micropores and mesopores, and ice crystal growth can help obtain ordered macropores. It has faster water transport rate, higher ionic conductivity, better ionic selectivity, and stronger channel stability than traditional moisture-based power generation membranes. This relationship between pore tuning from salt ions and device power generation performance provides a design basis for the development of high-performance moisture-based power generators.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
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spelling doaj-art-b7a6cc4d666143fc92f1affa58f254752025-08-20T04:02:54ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-61898-5Micro-meso-macroporous channels finely tailored for highly efficient moisture energy harvestingChenxing Wang0Peng Duan1Yinpeng Huang2Xulei Lu3Chunqiao Fu4Yong Zhang5Linmao Qian6Tingting Yang7Tribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityTribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityTribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityTribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityTribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityTribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityTribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityTribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong UniversityAbstract Water and ion channels are crucial for moisture energy harvesting, requiring precise pore design for mass transfer control. However, the key challenge lies in managing the localized assembly process of membrane materials to arrange them orderly, forming confined mass transfer pathways and stable solid-liquid interfaces. This is essential for exploring the interrelationship among channel morphological characteristics, mass transfer dynamics, and device power generation performance. This work proposes the use of freeze-assisted salting-out to meticulously construct hydrogel bilayer membranes with micro-meso-macroporous oriented channels and asymmetric charge characteristics. The produced polyvinyl alcohol/MXene hydrogel devices achieved a V oc × J sc of 11.4 μW cm−2 (pure hydrovoltaic effect) and 146 μW cm−2 (with active electrodes) at 25 °C, 45%RH, surpassing most moisture-based generators. In addition, the power generation performance is highly consistent with the Hofmeister series, with stronger salting-out effect to obtain more micropores and mesopores, and ice crystal growth can help obtain ordered macropores. It has faster water transport rate, higher ionic conductivity, better ionic selectivity, and stronger channel stability than traditional moisture-based power generation membranes. This relationship between pore tuning from salt ions and device power generation performance provides a design basis for the development of high-performance moisture-based power generators.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61898-5
spellingShingle Chenxing Wang
Peng Duan
Yinpeng Huang
Xulei Lu
Chunqiao Fu
Yong Zhang
Linmao Qian
Tingting Yang
Micro-meso-macroporous channels finely tailored for highly efficient moisture energy harvesting
Nature Communications
title Micro-meso-macroporous channels finely tailored for highly efficient moisture energy harvesting
title_full Micro-meso-macroporous channels finely tailored for highly efficient moisture energy harvesting
title_fullStr Micro-meso-macroporous channels finely tailored for highly efficient moisture energy harvesting
title_full_unstemmed Micro-meso-macroporous channels finely tailored for highly efficient moisture energy harvesting
title_short Micro-meso-macroporous channels finely tailored for highly efficient moisture energy harvesting
title_sort micro meso macroporous channels finely tailored for highly efficient moisture energy harvesting
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61898-5
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