Ultra-Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Predictable Component Reconstruction and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks

Ultra-short-term PV power prediction (USTPVPP) results provide a basis for the development of intra-day rolling power generation plans. However, due to the feature information and the unpredictability of meteorology, the current ultra-short-term PV power prediction accuracy improvement still faces t...

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Main Authors: Yingjie Liu, Mao Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4192
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author Yingjie Liu
Mao Yang
author_facet Yingjie Liu
Mao Yang
author_sort Yingjie Liu
collection DOAJ
description Ultra-short-term PV power prediction (USTPVPP) results provide a basis for the development of intra-day rolling power generation plans. However, due to the feature information and the unpredictability of meteorology, the current ultra-short-term PV power prediction accuracy improvement still faces technical challenges. In this paper, we propose a combined prediction framework that takes into account the reconfiguration of the predictable components of PV stations and the spatiotemporal heterogeneous maps. A circuit singular spectral decomposition (CISSD) intrinsic predictable component extraction method is adopted to obtain specific frequency components in sensitive meteorological variables, a mechanism based on radiation characteristics and PV power trend predictable component extraction and reconstruction is proposed to enhance power predictability, and a spatiotemporal heterogeneous graph neural network (STHGNN) combined with a Non-stationary Transformer (Ns-Transformer) combination architecture to achieve joint prediction for different PV components. The proposed method is applied to a PV power plant in Gansu, China, and the results show that the prediction method based on the proposed combined spatio-temporal heterogeneous graph neural network model combined with the proposed predictable component extraction achieves an average reduction of 6.50% in the RMSE, an average reduction of 2.50% in the MAE, and an average improvement of 11.93% in the R<sup>2</sup> over the direct prediction method, respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-b7a309e98d1d4303a3d9c552e45626862025-08-20T04:00:50ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-08-011815419210.3390/en18154192Ultra-Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Predictable Component Reconstruction and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Graph Neural NetworksYingjie Liu0Mao Yang1Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, ChinaUltra-short-term PV power prediction (USTPVPP) results provide a basis for the development of intra-day rolling power generation plans. However, due to the feature information and the unpredictability of meteorology, the current ultra-short-term PV power prediction accuracy improvement still faces technical challenges. In this paper, we propose a combined prediction framework that takes into account the reconfiguration of the predictable components of PV stations and the spatiotemporal heterogeneous maps. A circuit singular spectral decomposition (CISSD) intrinsic predictable component extraction method is adopted to obtain specific frequency components in sensitive meteorological variables, a mechanism based on radiation characteristics and PV power trend predictable component extraction and reconstruction is proposed to enhance power predictability, and a spatiotemporal heterogeneous graph neural network (STHGNN) combined with a Non-stationary Transformer (Ns-Transformer) combination architecture to achieve joint prediction for different PV components. The proposed method is applied to a PV power plant in Gansu, China, and the results show that the prediction method based on the proposed combined spatio-temporal heterogeneous graph neural network model combined with the proposed predictable component extraction achieves an average reduction of 6.50% in the RMSE, an average reduction of 2.50% in the MAE, and an average improvement of 11.93% in the R<sup>2</sup> over the direct prediction method, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4192circulant singular spectrum decompositionpredictable component extraction and reconstructionSTHGNN-Ns-Transformerultra-short-term photovoltaic power prediction
spellingShingle Yingjie Liu
Mao Yang
Ultra-Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Predictable Component Reconstruction and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks
Energies
circulant singular spectrum decomposition
predictable component extraction and reconstruction
STHGNN-Ns-Transformer
ultra-short-term photovoltaic power prediction
title Ultra-Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Predictable Component Reconstruction and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks
title_full Ultra-Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Predictable Component Reconstruction and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks
title_fullStr Ultra-Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Predictable Component Reconstruction and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks
title_full_unstemmed Ultra-Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Predictable Component Reconstruction and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks
title_short Ultra-Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Prediction Based on Predictable Component Reconstruction and Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks
title_sort ultra short term photovoltaic power prediction based on predictable component reconstruction and spatiotemporal heterogeneous graph neural networks
topic circulant singular spectrum decomposition
predictable component extraction and reconstruction
STHGNN-Ns-Transformer
ultra-short-term photovoltaic power prediction
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4192
work_keys_str_mv AT yingjieliu ultrashorttermphotovoltaicpowerpredictionbasedonpredictablecomponentreconstructionandspatiotemporalheterogeneousgraphneuralnetworks
AT maoyang ultrashorttermphotovoltaicpowerpredictionbasedonpredictablecomponentreconstructionandspatiotemporalheterogeneousgraphneuralnetworks