Unsuccessful introductions of adult elephant bulls to confined areas in South Africa
This study assessed the reasons why some mature elephant bull introductions to game-fenced properties have been unsuccessful. Between 1998-2000 71 adult bulls from Kruger NP were transferred to 15 properties. Break-outs, circumstances where bulls broke out of a functional electrified perimeter fe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IUCN
2001-12-01
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| Series: | Pachyderm |
| Online Access: | https://pachydermjournal.org/index.php/pachyderm/article/view/1062 |
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| author | Marion Garaï Richard Carr |
| author_facet | Marion Garaï Richard Carr |
| author_sort | Marion Garaï |
| collection | DOAJ |
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This study assessed the reasons why some mature elephant bull introductions to game-fenced properties have been unsuccessful. Between 1998-2000 71 adult bulls from Kruger NP were transferred to 15 properties. Break-outs, circumstances where bulls broke out of a functional electrified perimeter fence, or a release boma and a perimeter fence and did not return, occurred in 5 properties. Observations suggest the 8 bulls involved had not developed a respect for electric fencing, but this investigation was unable to identify particular common factors that may lead to break-outs. However, several factors appear to influence break-outs including: the construction and electrification components used in the release boma; the age, social staus and number of bulls introduced; the proximity to their previous range; and the presence of established founder family groups. These are discuss and related to specific break-outs, and recommendations associated with each are reviewed. Suggests the most important aspect to introducing and establishing elephants in a new environment and specifically into small, confined areas is the training period in the release boma, and if this involves initiation to electric fencing it is at this point a lasting respect must be developed.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b792b2390ad84e4ca54ac55df7bdc32e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1026-2881 1683-5018 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2001-12-01 |
| publisher | IUCN |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pachyderm |
| spelling | doaj-art-b792b2390ad84e4ca54ac55df7bdc32e2025-08-20T02:29:22ZengIUCNPachyderm1026-28811683-50182001-12-0131110.69649/pachyderm.v31i1.1062Unsuccessful introductions of adult elephant bulls to confined areas in South AfricaMarion GaraïRichard Carr This study assessed the reasons why some mature elephant bull introductions to game-fenced properties have been unsuccessful. Between 1998-2000 71 adult bulls from Kruger NP were transferred to 15 properties. Break-outs, circumstances where bulls broke out of a functional electrified perimeter fence, or a release boma and a perimeter fence and did not return, occurred in 5 properties. Observations suggest the 8 bulls involved had not developed a respect for electric fencing, but this investigation was unable to identify particular common factors that may lead to break-outs. However, several factors appear to influence break-outs including: the construction and electrification components used in the release boma; the age, social staus and number of bulls introduced; the proximity to their previous range; and the presence of established founder family groups. These are discuss and related to specific break-outs, and recommendations associated with each are reviewed. Suggests the most important aspect to introducing and establishing elephants in a new environment and specifically into small, confined areas is the training period in the release boma, and if this involves initiation to electric fencing it is at this point a lasting respect must be developed. https://pachydermjournal.org/index.php/pachyderm/article/view/1062 |
| spellingShingle | Marion Garaï Richard Carr Unsuccessful introductions of adult elephant bulls to confined areas in South Africa Pachyderm |
| title | Unsuccessful introductions of adult elephant bulls to confined areas in South Africa |
| title_full | Unsuccessful introductions of adult elephant bulls to confined areas in South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Unsuccessful introductions of adult elephant bulls to confined areas in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unsuccessful introductions of adult elephant bulls to confined areas in South Africa |
| title_short | Unsuccessful introductions of adult elephant bulls to confined areas in South Africa |
| title_sort | unsuccessful introductions of adult elephant bulls to confined areas in south africa |
| url | https://pachydermjournal.org/index.php/pachyderm/article/view/1062 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariongarai unsuccessfulintroductionsofadultelephantbullstoconfinedareasinsouthafrica AT richardcarr unsuccessfulintroductionsofadultelephantbullstoconfinedareasinsouthafrica |