Microwave-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogel for drug delivery and anti-inflammatory studies

This study presents the synthesis of novel super absorbent ager base magnetic composite hydrogel (AMHs) through a microwave assisted polymerization technique. The composite hydrogels (control, MT, MS, and MN) were synthesized from 2-acrylamine-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylic acid (AA),...

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Main Authors: Muffarih Shah, Nasrullah Shah, Ismail Shah, Ibrahim Shah, Touseef Rehan, Khayala Mammadova, Abbas Khan, Noor Majeed, Maria Anjum, Mahmoud Elodemi, Afnan Jan, Ajmal Khan, Ahmed Al-Harrasi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025006309
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author Muffarih Shah
Nasrullah Shah
Ismail Shah
Ibrahim Shah
Touseef Rehan
Khayala Mammadova
Abbas Khan
Noor Majeed
Maria Anjum
Mahmoud Elodemi
Afnan Jan
Ajmal Khan
Ahmed Al-Harrasi
author_facet Muffarih Shah
Nasrullah Shah
Ismail Shah
Ibrahim Shah
Touseef Rehan
Khayala Mammadova
Abbas Khan
Noor Majeed
Maria Anjum
Mahmoud Elodemi
Afnan Jan
Ajmal Khan
Ahmed Al-Harrasi
author_sort Muffarih Shah
collection DOAJ
description This study presents the synthesis of novel super absorbent ager base magnetic composite hydrogel (AMHs) through a microwave assisted polymerization technique. The composite hydrogels (control, MT, MS, and MN) were synthesized from 2-acrylamine-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Microwave assisted free radical polymerization was employed, using potassium persulfate is the initiator and N,N’ methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the cross linker under a nitrogen atmosphere to mitigate interference from oxygen. The structural, morphological and chemical characteristic of the synthesized hydrogels were thoroughly analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and point of zero charger (PZC) measurements. The synthesized AMHs exhibited remarkable swelling capacities, with value of 19,840 %, 18,340 %, 14,850 % and 11,720 % for control, MT, MS and MN respectively. Drug adsorption studies specifically for ciprofloxacin, revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 120.338 for MN, 114.038 mg/g for MS and 120.338 mg/g for MT and 102.138 mg/g for control, varying pH conditions and concentrations. Adsorption kinetics studies followed by Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics indicating a chemisorption mechanism. Drug release experiment show approximately 80 % of the loaded drug was released within 24 h. The MN sample showed minimal skin irritation and promising anti-inflammatory activity. The irritation test revealed no irritation (score 0) for C: IV 0.3 and C: 0.9 (II), with mild irritation (score 1) for others. Anti-inflammatory testing showed C: 0.6 (V) had the highest inhibition (46.66 %) at 0.5 g/kg, followed by C: 0.9 (II) (46.48 %) and C: 0.6 (I) (46.32 %). These results suggest AMHs are promising for drug delivery and wound healing.
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spelling doaj-art-b78ef26e8c0f4c948c4cf9f71b5eee122025-08-20T03:01:42ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610455210.1016/j.rineng.2025.104552Microwave-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogel for drug delivery and anti-inflammatory studiesMuffarih Shah0Nasrullah Shah1Ismail Shah2Ibrahim Shah3Touseef Rehan4Khayala Mammadova5Abbas Khan6Noor Majeed7Maria Anjum8Mahmoud Elodemi9Afnan Jan10Ajmal Khan11Ahmed Al-Harrasi12Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP 23220, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP 23220, Pakistan; Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP 23220, Pakistan.Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP 23220, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP 23220, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Women University Mardan, KP 23220, PakistanMedical and Biological Physics Department, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, AzerbaijanDepartment of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP 23220, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP 23220, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP 23220, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Corresponding authors at: Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman.Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman; Corresponding authors at: Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman.This study presents the synthesis of novel super absorbent ager base magnetic composite hydrogel (AMHs) through a microwave assisted polymerization technique. The composite hydrogels (control, MT, MS, and MN) were synthesized from 2-acrylamine-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Microwave assisted free radical polymerization was employed, using potassium persulfate is the initiator and N,N’ methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the cross linker under a nitrogen atmosphere to mitigate interference from oxygen. The structural, morphological and chemical characteristic of the synthesized hydrogels were thoroughly analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and point of zero charger (PZC) measurements. The synthesized AMHs exhibited remarkable swelling capacities, with value of 19,840 %, 18,340 %, 14,850 % and 11,720 % for control, MT, MS and MN respectively. Drug adsorption studies specifically for ciprofloxacin, revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 120.338 for MN, 114.038 mg/g for MS and 120.338 mg/g for MT and 102.138 mg/g for control, varying pH conditions and concentrations. Adsorption kinetics studies followed by Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics indicating a chemisorption mechanism. Drug release experiment show approximately 80 % of the loaded drug was released within 24 h. The MN sample showed minimal skin irritation and promising anti-inflammatory activity. The irritation test revealed no irritation (score 0) for C: IV 0.3 and C: 0.9 (II), with mild irritation (score 1) for others. Anti-inflammatory testing showed C: 0.6 (V) had the highest inhibition (46.66 %) at 0.5 g/kg, followed by C: 0.9 (II) (46.48 %) and C: 0.6 (I) (46.32 %). These results suggest AMHs are promising for drug delivery and wound healing.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025006309Superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogelsDrug loadingDrug releaseIn-vivo biomedical assessment
spellingShingle Muffarih Shah
Nasrullah Shah
Ismail Shah
Ibrahim Shah
Touseef Rehan
Khayala Mammadova
Abbas Khan
Noor Majeed
Maria Anjum
Mahmoud Elodemi
Afnan Jan
Ajmal Khan
Ahmed Al-Harrasi
Microwave-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogel for drug delivery and anti-inflammatory studies
Results in Engineering
Superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogels
Drug loading
Drug release
In-vivo biomedical assessment
title Microwave-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogel for drug delivery and anti-inflammatory studies
title_full Microwave-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogel for drug delivery and anti-inflammatory studies
title_fullStr Microwave-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogel for drug delivery and anti-inflammatory studies
title_full_unstemmed Microwave-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogel for drug delivery and anti-inflammatory studies
title_short Microwave-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogel for drug delivery and anti-inflammatory studies
title_sort microwave assisted synthesis of superabsorbent agar based magnetic composite hydrogel for drug delivery and anti inflammatory studies
topic Superabsorbent agar-based magnetic composite hydrogels
Drug loading
Drug release
In-vivo biomedical assessment
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025006309
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