A new insight: crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the gut-liver axis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread chronic liver disorder, affecting nearly a quarter of the global population. It progresses from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The gut-liver axis is crucial i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jinping Yin, Yanli Zhu, Rongrong Liu, Weixin Wang, Zhicheng Wang, Jianfeng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599956/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849431059254476800
author Jinping Yin
Jinping Yin
Yanli Zhu
Rongrong Liu
Weixin Wang
Zhicheng Wang
Jianfeng Wang
author_facet Jinping Yin
Jinping Yin
Yanli Zhu
Rongrong Liu
Weixin Wang
Zhicheng Wang
Jianfeng Wang
author_sort Jinping Yin
collection DOAJ
description Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread chronic liver disorder, affecting nearly a quarter of the global population. It progresses from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The gut-liver axis is crucial in NAFLD progression, driven by intestinal barrier dysfunction, microbial translocation, and immune dysregulation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—web-like structures of DNA, histones, and inflammatory proteins—promote chronic inflammation and liver injury. This review examines the role of NETs in gut-liver axis crosstalk and NAFLD progression. It explores how NETs amplify inflammation, contribute to fibrosis, and facilitate the progression from NAFLD to HCC by interacting with gut microbiota and immune signaling pathways. Therapeutic strategies targeting NETs, such as reducing their formation, enhancing degradation, and modulating the gut microbiota, offer promising approaches to mitigate disease progression. This review sheds light on the interplay between NETs and the gut-liver axis, offering new insights into NAFLD pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
format Article
id doaj-art-b78ef2622fbb46939c88f0b0bf54018a
institution Kabale University
issn 1664-3224
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-b78ef2622fbb46939c88f0b0bf54018a2025-08-20T03:27:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-06-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15999561599956A new insight: crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the gut-liver axis for nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseJinping Yin0Jinping Yin1Yanli Zhu2Rongrong Liu3Weixin Wang4Zhicheng Wang5Jianfeng Wang6Department of Radiotherapy in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaNational Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaNational Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaNational Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaNational Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaNational Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Radiotherapy in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread chronic liver disorder, affecting nearly a quarter of the global population. It progresses from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The gut-liver axis is crucial in NAFLD progression, driven by intestinal barrier dysfunction, microbial translocation, and immune dysregulation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—web-like structures of DNA, histones, and inflammatory proteins—promote chronic inflammation and liver injury. This review examines the role of NETs in gut-liver axis crosstalk and NAFLD progression. It explores how NETs amplify inflammation, contribute to fibrosis, and facilitate the progression from NAFLD to HCC by interacting with gut microbiota and immune signaling pathways. Therapeutic strategies targeting NETs, such as reducing their formation, enhancing degradation, and modulating the gut microbiota, offer promising approaches to mitigate disease progression. This review sheds light on the interplay between NETs and the gut-liver axis, offering new insights into NAFLD pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599956/fullinflammationliver diseasegut microbiotapathophysiological progressionimmune dysregulation
spellingShingle Jinping Yin
Jinping Yin
Yanli Zhu
Rongrong Liu
Weixin Wang
Zhicheng Wang
Jianfeng Wang
A new insight: crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the gut-liver axis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Frontiers in Immunology
inflammation
liver disease
gut microbiota
pathophysiological progression
immune dysregulation
title A new insight: crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the gut-liver axis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
title_full A new insight: crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the gut-liver axis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
title_fullStr A new insight: crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the gut-liver axis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
title_full_unstemmed A new insight: crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the gut-liver axis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
title_short A new insight: crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the gut-liver axis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
title_sort new insight crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and the gut liver axis for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
topic inflammation
liver disease
gut microbiota
pathophysiological progression
immune dysregulation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599956/full
work_keys_str_mv AT jinpingyin anewinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT jinpingyin anewinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT yanlizhu anewinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT rongrongliu anewinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT weixinwang anewinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT zhichengwang anewinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT jianfengwang anewinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT jinpingyin newinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT jinpingyin newinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT yanlizhu newinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT rongrongliu newinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT weixinwang newinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT zhichengwang newinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease
AT jianfengwang newinsightcrosstalkbetweenneutrophilextracellulartrapsandthegutliveraxisfornonalcoholicfattyliverdisease