Using Abattoir-Based Surveillance to Establish Foot-and-Mouth Disease Non-Structural Protein Seropositivity in Cattle and Pigs in Cambodia
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious transboundary animal disease that causes economic loss and obstacles to international trade. Frequent FMD outbreaks in Cambodia negatively impact farmers’ and smallholders’ incomes. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of FMD Non-Structural Pro...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1624 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850160750811676672 |
|---|---|
| author | Lida Kong Jarunee Siengsanan-Lamont Sothyra Tum Paul W. Selleck Jeeranan Areerob James R. Young Laurence J. Gleeson Stuart D. Blacksell |
| author_facet | Lida Kong Jarunee Siengsanan-Lamont Sothyra Tum Paul W. Selleck Jeeranan Areerob James R. Young Laurence J. Gleeson Stuart D. Blacksell |
| author_sort | Lida Kong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious transboundary animal disease that causes economic loss and obstacles to international trade. Frequent FMD outbreaks in Cambodia negatively impact farmers’ and smallholders’ incomes. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of FMD Non-Structural Protein (NSP) antibodies, which are an indicator of FMD antibodies raised during a natural infection rather than those produced following vaccination, that were detected using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample collection from cattle and pigs (<i>n</i> = 2238) was performed at ten abattoirs in seven provinces between October 2019 and December 2020. Overall seroprevalence in cattle and pigs was 43.2% (363/839; 95% CI 39.8–46.7), and 0.6% (9/1399; 95% CI 0.2–1.2), respectively. Only the cattle dataset was included in the risk factor analysis, as the prevalence of sero-reactors was too low in the pig dataset to be analyzed. Significant risk factors identified by the logistic regression model included the province of origin (<i>p</i> = 0.02), body condition score (BCS) (<i>p</i> = 0.0002) and sex (<i>p</i> = 0.0007). Odds ratios of the significant risk factors were 7.05 (95% CI 1.43–34.67; <i>p</i> = 0.02) for cattle that originated from Kampong Thom, 1.41 (95% CI 1.05–1.89; <i>p</i> = 0.02) for female cattle, and 3.28 (95% CI 1.06–10.12; <i>p</i> = 0.04) for animals with BCS of 3/5. The study revealed that the seroprevalence of FMD NSP in cattle presented at the abattoirs was high, while the FMD NSP seroprevalence in abattoir pigs was very low. Further investigation is required to map the disease distribution in Cambodia, especially the serotypes and strains causing clinical disease. These findings call for the extension of work on effective disease prevention measures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b779cb1371154635aafd4e43767da185 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-b779cb1371154635aafd4e43767da1852025-08-20T02:23:04ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-05-011511162410.3390/ani15111624Using Abattoir-Based Surveillance to Establish Foot-and-Mouth Disease Non-Structural Protein Seropositivity in Cattle and Pigs in CambodiaLida Kong0Jarunee Siengsanan-Lamont1Sothyra Tum2Paul W. Selleck3Jeeranan Areerob4James R. Young5Laurence J. Gleeson6Stuart D. Blacksell7Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandNational Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Khan Mean Chey, Phnom Penh 120603, CambodiaMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandSchool of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, AustraliaMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious transboundary animal disease that causes economic loss and obstacles to international trade. Frequent FMD outbreaks in Cambodia negatively impact farmers’ and smallholders’ incomes. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of FMD Non-Structural Protein (NSP) antibodies, which are an indicator of FMD antibodies raised during a natural infection rather than those produced following vaccination, that were detected using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample collection from cattle and pigs (<i>n</i> = 2238) was performed at ten abattoirs in seven provinces between October 2019 and December 2020. Overall seroprevalence in cattle and pigs was 43.2% (363/839; 95% CI 39.8–46.7), and 0.6% (9/1399; 95% CI 0.2–1.2), respectively. Only the cattle dataset was included in the risk factor analysis, as the prevalence of sero-reactors was too low in the pig dataset to be analyzed. Significant risk factors identified by the logistic regression model included the province of origin (<i>p</i> = 0.02), body condition score (BCS) (<i>p</i> = 0.0002) and sex (<i>p</i> = 0.0007). Odds ratios of the significant risk factors were 7.05 (95% CI 1.43–34.67; <i>p</i> = 0.02) for cattle that originated from Kampong Thom, 1.41 (95% CI 1.05–1.89; <i>p</i> = 0.02) for female cattle, and 3.28 (95% CI 1.06–10.12; <i>p</i> = 0.04) for animals with BCS of 3/5. The study revealed that the seroprevalence of FMD NSP in cattle presented at the abattoirs was high, while the FMD NSP seroprevalence in abattoir pigs was very low. Further investigation is required to map the disease distribution in Cambodia, especially the serotypes and strains causing clinical disease. These findings call for the extension of work on effective disease prevention measures.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1624livestockFMDswineseroprevalenceabattoirtransboundary animal disease |
| spellingShingle | Lida Kong Jarunee Siengsanan-Lamont Sothyra Tum Paul W. Selleck Jeeranan Areerob James R. Young Laurence J. Gleeson Stuart D. Blacksell Using Abattoir-Based Surveillance to Establish Foot-and-Mouth Disease Non-Structural Protein Seropositivity in Cattle and Pigs in Cambodia Animals livestock FMD swine seroprevalence abattoir transboundary animal disease |
| title | Using Abattoir-Based Surveillance to Establish Foot-and-Mouth Disease Non-Structural Protein Seropositivity in Cattle and Pigs in Cambodia |
| title_full | Using Abattoir-Based Surveillance to Establish Foot-and-Mouth Disease Non-Structural Protein Seropositivity in Cattle and Pigs in Cambodia |
| title_fullStr | Using Abattoir-Based Surveillance to Establish Foot-and-Mouth Disease Non-Structural Protein Seropositivity in Cattle and Pigs in Cambodia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Abattoir-Based Surveillance to Establish Foot-and-Mouth Disease Non-Structural Protein Seropositivity in Cattle and Pigs in Cambodia |
| title_short | Using Abattoir-Based Surveillance to Establish Foot-and-Mouth Disease Non-Structural Protein Seropositivity in Cattle and Pigs in Cambodia |
| title_sort | using abattoir based surveillance to establish foot and mouth disease non structural protein seropositivity in cattle and pigs in cambodia |
| topic | livestock FMD swine seroprevalence abattoir transboundary animal disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1624 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lidakong usingabattoirbasedsurveillancetoestablishfootandmouthdiseasenonstructuralproteinseropositivityincattleandpigsincambodia AT jaruneesiengsananlamont usingabattoirbasedsurveillancetoestablishfootandmouthdiseasenonstructuralproteinseropositivityincattleandpigsincambodia AT sothyratum usingabattoirbasedsurveillancetoestablishfootandmouthdiseasenonstructuralproteinseropositivityincattleandpigsincambodia AT paulwselleck usingabattoirbasedsurveillancetoestablishfootandmouthdiseasenonstructuralproteinseropositivityincattleandpigsincambodia AT jeerananareerob usingabattoirbasedsurveillancetoestablishfootandmouthdiseasenonstructuralproteinseropositivityincattleandpigsincambodia AT jamesryoung usingabattoirbasedsurveillancetoestablishfootandmouthdiseasenonstructuralproteinseropositivityincattleandpigsincambodia AT laurencejgleeson usingabattoirbasedsurveillancetoestablishfootandmouthdiseasenonstructuralproteinseropositivityincattleandpigsincambodia AT stuartdblacksell usingabattoirbasedsurveillancetoestablishfootandmouthdiseasenonstructuralproteinseropositivityincattleandpigsincambodia |