Process Optimization in Sea Ports: Integrating Sustainability and Efficiency Through a Novel Mathematical Model

Ports are essential nodes in global trade, linking maritime and land transport. As maritime logistics increasingly drive global supply chains, optimizing port operations has become vital for enhancing economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study presents a Mixed Integer Linear Pr...

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Main Authors: Maria Teresa Pereira, Nuno Rocha, Francisco Gomes Silva, Miguel Ângelo Lellis Moreira, Yusuf Ozden Altinkaya, Marisa João Pereira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/1/119
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author Maria Teresa Pereira
Nuno Rocha
Francisco Gomes Silva
Miguel Ângelo Lellis Moreira
Yusuf Ozden Altinkaya
Marisa João Pereira
author_facet Maria Teresa Pereira
Nuno Rocha
Francisco Gomes Silva
Miguel Ângelo Lellis Moreira
Yusuf Ozden Altinkaya
Marisa João Pereira
author_sort Maria Teresa Pereira
collection DOAJ
description Ports are essential nodes in global trade, linking maritime and land transport. As maritime logistics increasingly drive global supply chains, optimizing port operations has become vital for enhancing economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to address inefficiencies in berth allocation and stevedoring processes at the Port of Leixões, Portugal. By integrating real operational data, the model reduces vessel waiting times by 47.56% (from 8.1 to 4.2 h) and operational delays by 37.39% (from 11.5 to 7.2 h). These optimizations also result in a 41.85% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions per ship, aligning with global emissions regulations and promoting sustainable port management. The model’s innovations include real-time data integration and a holistic resource allocation approach to mitigate congestion and inefficiencies. Key findings demonstrate the model’s potential to streamline operations and minimize environmental impacts. These advancements align economic efficiency with environmental sustainability, addressing global emissions regulations. However, the study acknowledges limitations, such as excluding unpredictable factors like weather conditions and equipment failures. Future research should explore dynamic variables, such as weather conditions and mechanical failures, and expand the model’s applicability to other seaports worldwide.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2077-1312
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-b77835be195d4b28894ea590ee1fbb122025-01-24T13:36:55ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-01-0113111910.3390/jmse13010119Process Optimization in Sea Ports: Integrating Sustainability and Efficiency Through a Novel Mathematical ModelMaria Teresa Pereira0Nuno Rocha1Francisco Gomes Silva2Miguel Ângelo Lellis Moreira3Yusuf Ozden Altinkaya4Marisa João Pereira5CIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant. Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant. Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant. Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant. Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant. Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant. Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, PortugalPorts are essential nodes in global trade, linking maritime and land transport. As maritime logistics increasingly drive global supply chains, optimizing port operations has become vital for enhancing economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to address inefficiencies in berth allocation and stevedoring processes at the Port of Leixões, Portugal. By integrating real operational data, the model reduces vessel waiting times by 47.56% (from 8.1 to 4.2 h) and operational delays by 37.39% (from 11.5 to 7.2 h). These optimizations also result in a 41.85% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions per ship, aligning with global emissions regulations and promoting sustainable port management. The model’s innovations include real-time data integration and a holistic resource allocation approach to mitigate congestion and inefficiencies. Key findings demonstrate the model’s potential to streamline operations and minimize environmental impacts. These advancements align economic efficiency with environmental sustainability, addressing global emissions regulations. However, the study acknowledges limitations, such as excluding unpredictable factors like weather conditions and equipment failures. Future research should explore dynamic variables, such as weather conditions and mechanical failures, and expand the model’s applicability to other seaports worldwide.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/1/119logisticscontainer terminal operationssustainabilityberth allocation problemmathematical programmingseaport operations
spellingShingle Maria Teresa Pereira
Nuno Rocha
Francisco Gomes Silva
Miguel Ângelo Lellis Moreira
Yusuf Ozden Altinkaya
Marisa João Pereira
Process Optimization in Sea Ports: Integrating Sustainability and Efficiency Through a Novel Mathematical Model
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
logistics
container terminal operations
sustainability
berth allocation problem
mathematical programming
seaport operations
title Process Optimization in Sea Ports: Integrating Sustainability and Efficiency Through a Novel Mathematical Model
title_full Process Optimization in Sea Ports: Integrating Sustainability and Efficiency Through a Novel Mathematical Model
title_fullStr Process Optimization in Sea Ports: Integrating Sustainability and Efficiency Through a Novel Mathematical Model
title_full_unstemmed Process Optimization in Sea Ports: Integrating Sustainability and Efficiency Through a Novel Mathematical Model
title_short Process Optimization in Sea Ports: Integrating Sustainability and Efficiency Through a Novel Mathematical Model
title_sort process optimization in sea ports integrating sustainability and efficiency through a novel mathematical model
topic logistics
container terminal operations
sustainability
berth allocation problem
mathematical programming
seaport operations
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/1/119
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