Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green Alternatives for Extracting Bioactive Compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> Taxa with Potential Cosmetic Applications
This study investigated the potential of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for extracting bioactive compounds from the aerial parts of two mountain tea taxa, <i>Sideritis clandestina</i> ssp. <i>peloponnesiaca</i> (Boiss. & Heldr.) Baden and <i>Sideritis raese...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/68 |
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| Summary: | This study investigated the potential of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for extracting bioactive compounds from the aerial parts of two mountain tea taxa, <i>Sideritis clandestina</i> ssp. <i>peloponnesiaca</i> (Boiss. & Heldr.) Baden and <i>Sideritis raeseri</i> Boiss. & Heldr. ssp. <i>raeseri</i>. Five NADEs, composed of betaine, glycerol, glucose, urea, citric acid, and sucrose, were evaluated for their extraction efficiency compared to conventional solvents (water and 70% ethanol). The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays) were determined. Results showed that water was not a good extraction solvent. Despite the great solvent-dependent differences, most NADEs, particularly the betaine–glycerol–glucose mixture (BGG4), exhibited comparable or even superior extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity compared to 70% ethanol. The secondary metabolites in the BGG4 and 70% ethanol extracts were determined with HPLC-MS. The BGG4 extracts of both <i>Sideritis</i> taxa had a rich phenolic profile, with the major ingredients being chlorogenic acid, verbascoside, and non-, mono- and di-acetylated allosyl hypolaetin glycosides. Although distinct quantitative differences in their composition compared to the respective 70% ethanol extracts, and between them were noted, overall, the content of secondary metabolites in both <i>S. raeseri</i> extracts was lower than that of the <i>S. clandestina</i> extracts. These findings suggest that NADEs, particularly BGG4, are promising green solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from <i>Sideritis</i> taxa, paving the way for potential applications in the development of natural and sustainable cosmetic products. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-3921 |