Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-Adults

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US and the world. Infection with high-risk oncogenic HPV strains has been shown to induce cellular transformation leading to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV vaccine, first developed in 2006 for females...

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Main Authors: Donald J. Alcendor, Patricia Matthews-Juarez, Mohammad Tabatabai, Derek Wilus, James E. K. Hildreth, Paul D. Juarez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Pathogens
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/311
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author Donald J. Alcendor
Patricia Matthews-Juarez
Mohammad Tabatabai
Derek Wilus
James E. K. Hildreth
Paul D. Juarez
author_facet Donald J. Alcendor
Patricia Matthews-Juarez
Mohammad Tabatabai
Derek Wilus
James E. K. Hildreth
Paul D. Juarez
author_sort Donald J. Alcendor
collection DOAJ
description Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US and the world. Infection with high-risk oncogenic HPV strains has been shown to induce cellular transformation leading to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV vaccine, first developed in 2006 for females aged 9–26 years, has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in preventing 90% of all HPV-associated cancers. However, vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, and barriers to vaccine access has resulted in suboptimal vaccination rates among adolescent populations, especially in rural communities in the South. HPV vaccine coverage in Tennessee is currently below the national average and below the Healthy People 2030 goal of an 80% vaccination rate for individuals 13–17 years old based on recommendation guidelines for up-to-date HPV vaccination status as of 2022. HPV vaccination rates for Tennesseans with private insurance in 2022 were 68% and 38% for those that were uninsured. Up-to-date HPV vaccination rates in 2022 for Tennesseans were 58% and 46% for those living in urban communities and rural communities, respectively. Overall, HPV-associated cancers rates are higher in Tennessee, at 12.9/100,000 compared to the overall rate in the US of 11.8/100,000 persons in 2022. Interventions to improve HPV vaccine awareness, education, and access could improve vaccine confidence and uptake, especially among rural and uninsured populations in Tennessee. Most recently, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) expanded recommendations for HPV vaccinations for some individuals aged 27–45 years who were not vaccinated at a younger age, with shared clinical decision making. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of this recommendation on HPV vaccination rates and cancer prevention in Tennessee.
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spelling doaj-art-b76546c0c8a64f0ea2a9e1e963cde51e2025-08-20T02:18:04ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-03-0114431110.3390/pathogens14040311Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-AdultsDonald J. Alcendor0Patricia Matthews-Juarez1Mohammad Tabatabai2Derek Wilus3James E. K. Hildreth4Paul D. Juarez5Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USADepartment of Family & Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USADepartment of Public Health, School of Global Health, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USADepartment of Public Health, School of Global Health, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USACenter for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USADepartment of Family & Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USAHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US and the world. Infection with high-risk oncogenic HPV strains has been shown to induce cellular transformation leading to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV vaccine, first developed in 2006 for females aged 9–26 years, has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in preventing 90% of all HPV-associated cancers. However, vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, and barriers to vaccine access has resulted in suboptimal vaccination rates among adolescent populations, especially in rural communities in the South. HPV vaccine coverage in Tennessee is currently below the national average and below the Healthy People 2030 goal of an 80% vaccination rate for individuals 13–17 years old based on recommendation guidelines for up-to-date HPV vaccination status as of 2022. HPV vaccination rates for Tennesseans with private insurance in 2022 were 68% and 38% for those that were uninsured. Up-to-date HPV vaccination rates in 2022 for Tennesseans were 58% and 46% for those living in urban communities and rural communities, respectively. Overall, HPV-associated cancers rates are higher in Tennessee, at 12.9/100,000 compared to the overall rate in the US of 11.8/100,000 persons in 2022. Interventions to improve HPV vaccine awareness, education, and access could improve vaccine confidence and uptake, especially among rural and uninsured populations in Tennessee. Most recently, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) expanded recommendations for HPV vaccinations for some individuals aged 27–45 years who were not vaccinated at a younger age, with shared clinical decision making. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of this recommendation on HPV vaccination rates and cancer prevention in Tennessee.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/311human papilloma virusHPVTennesseevaccinevaccine hesitancyvaccination rate
spellingShingle Donald J. Alcendor
Patricia Matthews-Juarez
Mohammad Tabatabai
Derek Wilus
James E. K. Hildreth
Paul D. Juarez
Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-Adults
Pathogens
human papilloma virus
HPV
Tennessee
vaccine
vaccine hesitancy
vaccination rate
title Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-Adults
title_full Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-Adults
title_fullStr Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-Adults
title_full_unstemmed Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-Adults
title_short Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-Adults
title_sort improving hpv vaccine coverage in tennessee addressing barriers and expanding access for mid adults
topic human papilloma virus
HPV
Tennessee
vaccine
vaccine hesitancy
vaccination rate
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/311
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