In vitro investigation of flower-like micro-nano topography modifications to improve titanium implant surface properties

Objective: The surface modification of titanium implants has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the surface characteristics of the implants, improving their performance, and minimizing the risk of infection. This study examines the advantages of combining acid etching and alkaline heat...

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Main Authors: Nadia Kartikasari, Ratri Maya Sitalaksmi, Karina Mundiratri, Salsabila Eliya Andaru, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Harry Laksono
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidade Estadual Paulista 2025-06-01
Series:Brazilian Dental Science
Online Access:https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4663
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author Nadia Kartikasari
Ratri Maya Sitalaksmi
Karina Mundiratri
Salsabila Eliya Andaru
Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur
Harry Laksono
author_facet Nadia Kartikasari
Ratri Maya Sitalaksmi
Karina Mundiratri
Salsabila Eliya Andaru
Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur
Harry Laksono
author_sort Nadia Kartikasari
collection DOAJ
description Objective: The surface modification of titanium implants has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the surface characteristics of the implants, improving their performance, and minimizing the risk of infection. This study examines the advantages of combining acid etching and alkaline heat treatment to enhance titanium implant surfaces and evaluate their antibacterial effectiveness. Material and Methods: Titanium was divided into four groups: machine surface (MA), samples subjected to a single acid etching (MR), and samples that experienced both a single acid etching and two distinct alkaline heat treatment protocols (MN1 and MN2). The surface properties (topography, chemical composition, surface roughness, and wettability) and antibacterial evaluation against Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated. The statistical significance of differences among the groups was determined using ANOVA and Tukey’s Post-Hoc Test (P<0.05). Results: The MN group significantly transformed titanium surfaces into a micro-nano flower-like topography with hydroxyl and sodium titanate structures. The highest surface roughness was shown in MN1 (Sa= 7,58 ± 0,64; Sq 9,78 ± 0,8) (P<0.05) and the lowest wettability were shown in MN2 (25,75 ± 8,2) (P<0.05). Conversely, MN2 exhibited the lowest wettability, measured at 25.75 ± 8.2 (P < 0.05). Antibacterial assessments revealed a notable reduction in the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the MN2 modified surfaces at 27.43 ± 10.43% (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of acid etching and alkaline heat treatment has shown the ability to create a micro-nano surface with outstanding properties and significant antibacterial effects. This advancing titanium dental implant technology presents a valuable alternative for improving clinical outcomes in dental applications. KEYWORDS Antibacterial agents; Dental implant; Medicine; Surface properties; Titanium.
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spelling doaj-art-b76232659c6a4252ad9556e1588999c52025-08-21T14:05:04ZengUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilian Dental Science2178-60112025-06-0128110.4322/bds.2025.e4663In vitro investigation of flower-like micro-nano topography modifications to improve titanium implant surface propertiesNadia Kartikasari0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-431XRatri Maya Sitalaksmi 1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-5103Karina Mundiratri2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-2212Salsabila Eliya Andaru3https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7018-2362Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-375XHarry Laksono 5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8708-4731Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Objective: The surface modification of titanium implants has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the surface characteristics of the implants, improving their performance, and minimizing the risk of infection. This study examines the advantages of combining acid etching and alkaline heat treatment to enhance titanium implant surfaces and evaluate their antibacterial effectiveness. Material and Methods: Titanium was divided into four groups: machine surface (MA), samples subjected to a single acid etching (MR), and samples that experienced both a single acid etching and two distinct alkaline heat treatment protocols (MN1 and MN2). The surface properties (topography, chemical composition, surface roughness, and wettability) and antibacterial evaluation against Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated. The statistical significance of differences among the groups was determined using ANOVA and Tukey’s Post-Hoc Test (P<0.05). Results: The MN group significantly transformed titanium surfaces into a micro-nano flower-like topography with hydroxyl and sodium titanate structures. The highest surface roughness was shown in MN1 (Sa= 7,58 ± 0,64; Sq 9,78 ± 0,8) (P<0.05) and the lowest wettability were shown in MN2 (25,75 ± 8,2) (P<0.05). Conversely, MN2 exhibited the lowest wettability, measured at 25.75 ± 8.2 (P < 0.05). Antibacterial assessments revealed a notable reduction in the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the MN2 modified surfaces at 27.43 ± 10.43% (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of acid etching and alkaline heat treatment has shown the ability to create a micro-nano surface with outstanding properties and significant antibacterial effects. This advancing titanium dental implant technology presents a valuable alternative for improving clinical outcomes in dental applications. KEYWORDS Antibacterial agents; Dental implant; Medicine; Surface properties; Titanium. https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4663
spellingShingle Nadia Kartikasari
Ratri Maya Sitalaksmi
Karina Mundiratri
Salsabila Eliya Andaru
Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur
Harry Laksono
In vitro investigation of flower-like micro-nano topography modifications to improve titanium implant surface properties
Brazilian Dental Science
title In vitro investigation of flower-like micro-nano topography modifications to improve titanium implant surface properties
title_full In vitro investigation of flower-like micro-nano topography modifications to improve titanium implant surface properties
title_fullStr In vitro investigation of flower-like micro-nano topography modifications to improve titanium implant surface properties
title_full_unstemmed In vitro investigation of flower-like micro-nano topography modifications to improve titanium implant surface properties
title_short In vitro investigation of flower-like micro-nano topography modifications to improve titanium implant surface properties
title_sort in vitro investigation of flower like micro nano topography modifications to improve titanium implant surface properties
url https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4663
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