Investigation of structural, hardness, adhesion, and tribological properties of CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited on cylinder liner

Friction between cylinder liners and piston rings is one of the major energy losses in engines. Minimizing this friction reduces fuel consumption, lowers emissions, and enhances performance. To address this, CrN and AlCrN coatings were applied to grey cast iron (GCI) cylinder liners using cathodic a...

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Main Authors: Semih Mahmut Aktarer, Yaşar Sert, Tevfik Küçükömeroğlu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003922
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author Semih Mahmut Aktarer
Yaşar Sert
Tevfik Küçükömeroğlu
author_facet Semih Mahmut Aktarer
Yaşar Sert
Tevfik Küçükömeroğlu
author_sort Semih Mahmut Aktarer
collection DOAJ
description Friction between cylinder liners and piston rings is one of the major energy losses in engines. Minimizing this friction reduces fuel consumption, lowers emissions, and enhances performance. To address this, CrN and AlCrN coatings were applied to grey cast iron (GCI) cylinder liners using cathodic arc deposition method. Their tribological properties were evaluated under varying loads through reciprocating wear tests in dry and lubricated conditions. The structure of the coatings was characterized by electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the hardness and adhesion properties were characterized by nanoindentation and scratch testing. The CrN coating showed 21% lower hardness but 18% higher adhesion strength and superior crack resistance compared to AlCrN. In dry, low-load conditions, AlCrN’s higher hardness resulted in 30% better wear resistance. However, under high-load conditions, the wear resistance of CrN coating is about 3 times higher than AlCrN coating due to its improved adhesion properties. CrN and AlCrN coatings reduced wear rates by approximately 70 and 24 times, respectively, compared to GCI. In lubricated conditions, CrN’s wear rate was 5.3 times lower than GCI and 2.4 times lower than AlCrN. These findings show that AlCrN is ideal under low loads, while CrN is better for high-loads.
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spelling doaj-art-b75cd0c840404f3b95173f3fe6672c4f2025-08-20T02:17:33ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-05-0125311397210.1016/j.matdes.2025.113972Investigation of structural, hardness, adhesion, and tribological properties of CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited on cylinder linerSemih Mahmut Aktarer0Yaşar Sert1Tevfik Küçükömeroğlu2Department of Automotive Technology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53020, Turkey; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61100, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61100, TurkeyFriction between cylinder liners and piston rings is one of the major energy losses in engines. Minimizing this friction reduces fuel consumption, lowers emissions, and enhances performance. To address this, CrN and AlCrN coatings were applied to grey cast iron (GCI) cylinder liners using cathodic arc deposition method. Their tribological properties were evaluated under varying loads through reciprocating wear tests in dry and lubricated conditions. The structure of the coatings was characterized by electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the hardness and adhesion properties were characterized by nanoindentation and scratch testing. The CrN coating showed 21% lower hardness but 18% higher adhesion strength and superior crack resistance compared to AlCrN. In dry, low-load conditions, AlCrN’s higher hardness resulted in 30% better wear resistance. However, under high-load conditions, the wear resistance of CrN coating is about 3 times higher than AlCrN coating due to its improved adhesion properties. CrN and AlCrN coatings reduced wear rates by approximately 70 and 24 times, respectively, compared to GCI. In lubricated conditions, CrN’s wear rate was 5.3 times lower than GCI and 2.4 times lower than AlCrN. These findings show that AlCrN is ideal under low loads, while CrN is better for high-loads.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003922GCI cylinder linerCrNAlCrNAdhesion propertiesTribological behavior
spellingShingle Semih Mahmut Aktarer
Yaşar Sert
Tevfik Küçükömeroğlu
Investigation of structural, hardness, adhesion, and tribological properties of CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited on cylinder liner
Materials & Design
GCI cylinder liner
CrN
AlCrN
Adhesion properties
Tribological behavior
title Investigation of structural, hardness, adhesion, and tribological properties of CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited on cylinder liner
title_full Investigation of structural, hardness, adhesion, and tribological properties of CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited on cylinder liner
title_fullStr Investigation of structural, hardness, adhesion, and tribological properties of CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited on cylinder liner
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of structural, hardness, adhesion, and tribological properties of CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited on cylinder liner
title_short Investigation of structural, hardness, adhesion, and tribological properties of CrN and AlCrN coatings deposited on cylinder liner
title_sort investigation of structural hardness adhesion and tribological properties of crn and alcrn coatings deposited on cylinder liner
topic GCI cylinder liner
CrN
AlCrN
Adhesion properties
Tribological behavior
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003922
work_keys_str_mv AT semihmahmutaktarer investigationofstructuralhardnessadhesionandtribologicalpropertiesofcrnandalcrncoatingsdepositedoncylinderliner
AT yasarsert investigationofstructuralhardnessadhesionandtribologicalpropertiesofcrnandalcrncoatingsdepositedoncylinderliner
AT tevfikkucukomeroglu investigationofstructuralhardnessadhesionandtribologicalpropertiesofcrnandalcrncoatingsdepositedoncylinderliner