The Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies: Introducing a New Typology of Violent Actor

This research provides a critical assessment of Haiti’s contemporary ‘gang’ crisis through an in-depth analysis of the Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies (G9). It questions if G9 truly is a gang, and if not, what is it? And how might we better understand it? Through an application of...

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Main Author: Millie Harron
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Simon Fraser University Library 2025-05-01
Series:The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict and Warfare
Online Access:https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/7092
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author Millie Harron
author_facet Millie Harron
author_sort Millie Harron
collection DOAJ
description This research provides a critical assessment of Haiti’s contemporary ‘gang’ crisis through an in-depth analysis of the Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies (G9). It questions if G9 truly is a gang, and if not, what is it? And how might we better understand it? Through an application of the Terrorism and Extremism Matrix (Kelshall & Archutowski, 2019), this research argues that G9 is not, in fact, a gang, and can instead be more accurately understood under a new typology of violent hybrid actors. An assessment of G9’s structure, motivations, objectives, capacity for violence, violence rationale, and group visibility, demonstrates that the actor transcends traditional categorisations as it blends characteristics from gangs, organised crime syndicates, and terrorists to act as a hybrid entity. This research additionally illustrates the significance and implications of this reclassification, and how context-specific policy and law enforcement approaches can enable more effective mitigation and disruption measures.
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spelling doaj-art-b73a1576ecf047d0944f869fb001edd82025-08-20T03:10:39ZengSimon Fraser University LibraryThe Journal of Intelligence, Conflict and Warfare2561-82292025-05-018110.21810/jicw.v8i1.7092The Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies: Introducing a New Typology of Violent ActorMillie Harron0CASIS Vancouver/ King's College London This research provides a critical assessment of Haiti’s contemporary ‘gang’ crisis through an in-depth analysis of the Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies (G9). It questions if G9 truly is a gang, and if not, what is it? And how might we better understand it? Through an application of the Terrorism and Extremism Matrix (Kelshall & Archutowski, 2019), this research argues that G9 is not, in fact, a gang, and can instead be more accurately understood under a new typology of violent hybrid actors. An assessment of G9’s structure, motivations, objectives, capacity for violence, violence rationale, and group visibility, demonstrates that the actor transcends traditional categorisations as it blends characteristics from gangs, organised crime syndicates, and terrorists to act as a hybrid entity. This research additionally illustrates the significance and implications of this reclassification, and how context-specific policy and law enforcement approaches can enable more effective mitigation and disruption measures. https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/7092
spellingShingle Millie Harron
The Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies: Introducing a New Typology of Violent Actor
The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict and Warfare
title The Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies: Introducing a New Typology of Violent Actor
title_full The Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies: Introducing a New Typology of Violent Actor
title_fullStr The Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies: Introducing a New Typology of Violent Actor
title_full_unstemmed The Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies: Introducing a New Typology of Violent Actor
title_short The Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies: Introducing a New Typology of Violent Actor
title_sort revolutionary forces of the g9 family and allies introducing a new typology of violent actor
url https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/7092
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