A Systematic Study of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Co-Infection with Other Pathogens

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhoea/mucocutaneous disease (BVD-MD). Its associated co-infections pose a threat to the cattle industry, which is becoming a key breakthrough in the global system of prevention in the cattle industry. In recent years, cas...

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Main Authors: Zhiwei Hou, Jiahui Wang, Bin Tan, Shuqin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/700
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author Zhiwei Hou
Jiahui Wang
Bin Tan
Shuqin Zhang
author_facet Zhiwei Hou
Jiahui Wang
Bin Tan
Shuqin Zhang
author_sort Zhiwei Hou
collection DOAJ
description Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhoea/mucocutaneous disease (BVD-MD). Its associated co-infections pose a threat to the cattle industry, which is becoming a key breakthrough in the global system of prevention in the cattle industry. In recent years, cases of co-infection have occurred and been reported from time to time, and this situation not only poses certain difficulties in controlling the outbreak and in treatment in the farming industry, but also poses considerable challenges in detection and diagnosis. In this review, by systematically integrating studies on BVDV co-infection, we firstly compared and analysed the characteristics of BVDV co-infection with viruses, bacteria and other pathogens in in vivo/in vitro models in terms of synergism, host immune response and epidemiological transmission. Then we systematically constructed a BVDV Co-infection Impact Map, which demonstrates a paradigm of pathogen–host–immune interactions in the transmission of BVDV and provides a theoretical framework for breaking through the current precision diagnostic strategies and showcasing the effectiveness of integrated prevention and control.
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spelling doaj-art-b73990e7c73b4476bda2587ed216c0942025-08-20T01:56:45ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-05-0117570010.3390/v17050700A Systematic Study of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Co-Infection with Other PathogensZhiwei Hou0Jiahui Wang1Bin Tan2Shuqin Zhang3Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, ChinaInstitute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, ChinaInstitute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, ChinaInstitute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, ChinaBovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhoea/mucocutaneous disease (BVD-MD). Its associated co-infections pose a threat to the cattle industry, which is becoming a key breakthrough in the global system of prevention in the cattle industry. In recent years, cases of co-infection have occurred and been reported from time to time, and this situation not only poses certain difficulties in controlling the outbreak and in treatment in the farming industry, but also poses considerable challenges in detection and diagnosis. In this review, by systematically integrating studies on BVDV co-infection, we firstly compared and analysed the characteristics of BVDV co-infection with viruses, bacteria and other pathogens in in vivo/in vitro models in terms of synergism, host immune response and epidemiological transmission. Then we systematically constructed a BVDV Co-infection Impact Map, which demonstrates a paradigm of pathogen–host–immune interactions in the transmission of BVDV and provides a theoretical framework for breaking through the current precision diagnostic strategies and showcasing the effectiveness of integrated prevention and control.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/700bovine viral diarrhoea virusco-infectionsynergypathogens
spellingShingle Zhiwei Hou
Jiahui Wang
Bin Tan
Shuqin Zhang
A Systematic Study of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Co-Infection with Other Pathogens
Viruses
bovine viral diarrhoea virus
co-infection
synergy
pathogens
title A Systematic Study of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Co-Infection with Other Pathogens
title_full A Systematic Study of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Co-Infection with Other Pathogens
title_fullStr A Systematic Study of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Co-Infection with Other Pathogens
title_full_unstemmed A Systematic Study of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Co-Infection with Other Pathogens
title_short A Systematic Study of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Co-Infection with Other Pathogens
title_sort systematic study of bovine viral diarrhoea virus co infection with other pathogens
topic bovine viral diarrhoea virus
co-infection
synergy
pathogens
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/700
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