Effects of gentle and rude vitality forms in social robots on humans during cognitive multitasking

Designing a social humanoid robot to enhance human cognitive multitasking in a mixed human-robot team is anything but straightforward. In fact, the robot’s presence and behavior can either improve or impair human performance. In this study, we examined how different vitality forms—expressed through...

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Main Authors: Motonobu Aoki, Francesco Rea, Giuseppe Di Cesare, Giulio Sandini, Takura Yanagi, Atsushi Takamatsu, Tomohiro Yamamura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Robotics and AI
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1305685/full
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author Motonobu Aoki
Motonobu Aoki
Motonobu Aoki
Francesco Rea
Francesco Rea
Giuseppe Di Cesare
Giulio Sandini
Takura Yanagi
Atsushi Takamatsu
Tomohiro Yamamura
author_facet Motonobu Aoki
Motonobu Aoki
Motonobu Aoki
Francesco Rea
Francesco Rea
Giuseppe Di Cesare
Giulio Sandini
Takura Yanagi
Atsushi Takamatsu
Tomohiro Yamamura
author_sort Motonobu Aoki
collection DOAJ
description Designing a social humanoid robot to enhance human cognitive multitasking in a mixed human-robot team is anything but straightforward. In fact, the robot’s presence and behavior can either improve or impair human performance. In this study, we examined how different vitality forms—expressed through the robot’s actions, speech and facial expressions—affect cognitive multitasking. Analysis of human facial expressions and skin conductance data revealed that a robot exhibiting a gentle vitality form fostered a more positive and relaxed state than one displaying a rude vitality form. Moreover, the gentle vitality form improved human performance on tasks involving short-term memory and continuous target tracking. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the long-term impact of vitality forms. Overall, our findings suggest that properly designing a social humanoid robot’s vitality forms can significantly enhance cognitive multitasking performance in human-robot teams.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
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language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Robotics and AI
spelling doaj-art-b729780e668d4576a7e5551cb43a54772025-08-20T02:18:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Robotics and AI2296-91442025-04-011210.3389/frobt.2025.13056851305685Effects of gentle and rude vitality forms in social robots on humans during cognitive multitaskingMotonobu Aoki0Motonobu Aoki1Motonobu Aoki2Francesco Rea3Francesco Rea4Giuseppe Di Cesare5Giulio Sandini6Takura Yanagi7Atsushi Takamatsu8Tomohiro Yamamura9Mobility and AI Laboratory, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Atsugi, Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Robotics Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Liguria, ItalyDepartment of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, The University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, ItalyDepartment of Robotics Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Liguria, ItalyDepartment of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, The University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, The University of Parma, Parma, Emilia–Romagna, ItalyDepartment of Robotics Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Liguria, ItalyMobility and AI Laboratory, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Atsugi, Kanagawa, JapanMobility and AI Laboratory, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Atsugi, Kanagawa, JapanResearch Planning Department, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Atsugi, Kanagawa, JapanDesigning a social humanoid robot to enhance human cognitive multitasking in a mixed human-robot team is anything but straightforward. In fact, the robot’s presence and behavior can either improve or impair human performance. In this study, we examined how different vitality forms—expressed through the robot’s actions, speech and facial expressions—affect cognitive multitasking. Analysis of human facial expressions and skin conductance data revealed that a robot exhibiting a gentle vitality form fostered a more positive and relaxed state than one displaying a rude vitality form. Moreover, the gentle vitality form improved human performance on tasks involving short-term memory and continuous target tracking. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the long-term impact of vitality forms. Overall, our findings suggest that properly designing a social humanoid robot’s vitality forms can significantly enhance cognitive multitasking performance in human-robot teams.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1305685/fullhuman-robot interactionsocial robotsvitality formscognitive multitaskingfacial expressionsmental workload
spellingShingle Motonobu Aoki
Motonobu Aoki
Motonobu Aoki
Francesco Rea
Francesco Rea
Giuseppe Di Cesare
Giulio Sandini
Takura Yanagi
Atsushi Takamatsu
Tomohiro Yamamura
Effects of gentle and rude vitality forms in social robots on humans during cognitive multitasking
Frontiers in Robotics and AI
human-robot interaction
social robots
vitality forms
cognitive multitasking
facial expressions
mental workload
title Effects of gentle and rude vitality forms in social robots on humans during cognitive multitasking
title_full Effects of gentle and rude vitality forms in social robots on humans during cognitive multitasking
title_fullStr Effects of gentle and rude vitality forms in social robots on humans during cognitive multitasking
title_full_unstemmed Effects of gentle and rude vitality forms in social robots on humans during cognitive multitasking
title_short Effects of gentle and rude vitality forms in social robots on humans during cognitive multitasking
title_sort effects of gentle and rude vitality forms in social robots on humans during cognitive multitasking
topic human-robot interaction
social robots
vitality forms
cognitive multitasking
facial expressions
mental workload
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1305685/full
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