Dwarf Mistletoes (<i>Arceuthobium</i>, Viscaceae) of North America: Classification Systems, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Taxonomic Characteristics

<i>Arceuthobium</i>—the dwarf mistletoes—is a clearly defined genus of hemi-parasitic plants in the family Viscaceae. The genus occurs throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere; however, the greatest concentration of species and subspecies occurs within coniferous forests of western Nor...

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Main Authors: Shawn C. Kenaley, Robert L. Mathiasen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2051
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author Shawn C. Kenaley
Robert L. Mathiasen
author_facet Shawn C. Kenaley
Robert L. Mathiasen
author_sort Shawn C. Kenaley
collection DOAJ
description <i>Arceuthobium</i>—the dwarf mistletoes—is a clearly defined genus of hemi-parasitic plants in the family Viscaceae. The genus occurs throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere; however, the greatest concentration of species and subspecies occurs within coniferous forests of western North America, where considerable research was executed in the mid-to-late 20th century to determine their geographic distributions, host specializations, and taxonomic boundaries. However, the last monograph of <i>Arceuthobium</i> presenting morphological, phenological, phylogenetic, and physiological information for N. American dwarf mistletoes was published in 1996, and since that time, no subsequent publications have presented taxonomic information for the present classification of N. American <i>Arceuthobium</i>. Thus, herein, we provide updated phylogenetic and taxonomic data for 44 taxa of <i>Arceuthobium</i> indigenous to N. America while simultaneously addressing knowledge gaps and suggesting future research to improve our understanding of these ecologically and economically important forest tree parasites. The present classification systems for and recent treatments of N. American <i>Arceuthobium</i> are also discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-b71fba2850084544abfd0bbe2483ee142025-08-20T03:50:20ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-07-011413205110.3390/plants14132051Dwarf Mistletoes (<i>Arceuthobium</i>, Viscaceae) of North America: Classification Systems, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Taxonomic CharacteristicsShawn C. Kenaley0Robert L. Mathiasen1Department of Environmental Conservation and Horticulture, Finger Lakes Community College, Canandaigua, NY 14424, USASchool of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA<i>Arceuthobium</i>—the dwarf mistletoes—is a clearly defined genus of hemi-parasitic plants in the family Viscaceae. The genus occurs throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere; however, the greatest concentration of species and subspecies occurs within coniferous forests of western North America, where considerable research was executed in the mid-to-late 20th century to determine their geographic distributions, host specializations, and taxonomic boundaries. However, the last monograph of <i>Arceuthobium</i> presenting morphological, phenological, phylogenetic, and physiological information for N. American dwarf mistletoes was published in 1996, and since that time, no subsequent publications have presented taxonomic information for the present classification of N. American <i>Arceuthobium</i>. Thus, herein, we provide updated phylogenetic and taxonomic data for 44 taxa of <i>Arceuthobium</i> indigenous to N. America while simultaneously addressing knowledge gaps and suggesting future research to improve our understanding of these ecologically and economically important forest tree parasites. The present classification systems for and recent treatments of N. American <i>Arceuthobium</i> are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2051<i>Arceuthobium</i>geographic distributionshost specializationmorphologyparasitic plantsspecies
spellingShingle Shawn C. Kenaley
Robert L. Mathiasen
Dwarf Mistletoes (<i>Arceuthobium</i>, Viscaceae) of North America: Classification Systems, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Taxonomic Characteristics
Plants
<i>Arceuthobium</i>
geographic distributions
host specialization
morphology
parasitic plants
species
title Dwarf Mistletoes (<i>Arceuthobium</i>, Viscaceae) of North America: Classification Systems, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Taxonomic Characteristics
title_full Dwarf Mistletoes (<i>Arceuthobium</i>, Viscaceae) of North America: Classification Systems, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Taxonomic Characteristics
title_fullStr Dwarf Mistletoes (<i>Arceuthobium</i>, Viscaceae) of North America: Classification Systems, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Taxonomic Characteristics
title_full_unstemmed Dwarf Mistletoes (<i>Arceuthobium</i>, Viscaceae) of North America: Classification Systems, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Taxonomic Characteristics
title_short Dwarf Mistletoes (<i>Arceuthobium</i>, Viscaceae) of North America: Classification Systems, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Taxonomic Characteristics
title_sort dwarf mistletoes i arceuthobium i viscaceae of north america classification systems phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic characteristics
topic <i>Arceuthobium</i>
geographic distributions
host specialization
morphology
parasitic plants
species
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2051
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AT robertlmathiasen dwarfmistletoesiarceuthobiumiviscaceaeofnorthamericaclassificationsystemsphylogeneticrelationshipsandtaxonomiccharacteristics