A Dynamic Investigation of a Solar Absorption Plant with Nanofluids for Air-Conditioning of an Office Building in a Mild Climate Zone

This study explores the impact of using water-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofluids, at different nanoparticle concentrations, in solar thermal collectors for solar cooling applications. Improving the seasonal energy performance of solar cooling systems is a current research...

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Main Authors: Luca Cirillo, Sabrina Gargiulo, Adriana Greco, Claudia Masselli, Sergio Nardini, Vincenzo Orabona, Lucrezia Verneau
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3480
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author Luca Cirillo
Sabrina Gargiulo
Adriana Greco
Claudia Masselli
Sergio Nardini
Vincenzo Orabona
Lucrezia Verneau
author_facet Luca Cirillo
Sabrina Gargiulo
Adriana Greco
Claudia Masselli
Sergio Nardini
Vincenzo Orabona
Lucrezia Verneau
author_sort Luca Cirillo
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the impact of using water-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofluids, at different nanoparticle concentrations, in solar thermal collectors for solar cooling applications. Improving the seasonal energy performance of solar cooling systems is a current research priority, and this work investigates whether nanofluids can significantly enhance system efficiency compared to traditional heat transfer fluids. A transient simulation was carried out using a dynamic model developed in TRNSYS (TRANsient SYstem Simulation), evaluating the system performance throughout the cooling season. The results show that in July, under low volumetric flow conditions and with nanoparticle concentrations of 0.6% and 0.3%, the solar fraction reaches a maximum value of 1. Using a nanofluid at 0.6% concentration leads to significantly higher fractional energy savings compared to pure water. Despite increased pumping energy, the overall energy savings—which include the contribution from an auxiliary boiler—exceed 80% when nanofluids are used. This study goes beyond previous work by providing a dynamic, system-level simulation of nanofluid-enhanced solar cooling performance under realistic operating conditions. The findings demonstrate the practical potential of nanofluids as a valid and more energy-efficient alternative in solar thermal applications.
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spelling doaj-art-b71edef1ed934e4cb7ef07afb723560f2025-08-20T03:28:30ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011813348010.3390/en18133480A Dynamic Investigation of a Solar Absorption Plant with Nanofluids for Air-Conditioning of an Office Building in a Mild Climate ZoneLuca Cirillo0Sabrina Gargiulo1Adriana Greco2Claudia Masselli3Sergio Nardini4Vincenzo Orabona5Lucrezia Verneau6Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 81031 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 81031 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 81031 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 81031 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, DI, Università degli Studi della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 81031 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 81031 Napoli, ItalyThis study explores the impact of using water-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofluids, at different nanoparticle concentrations, in solar thermal collectors for solar cooling applications. Improving the seasonal energy performance of solar cooling systems is a current research priority, and this work investigates whether nanofluids can significantly enhance system efficiency compared to traditional heat transfer fluids. A transient simulation was carried out using a dynamic model developed in TRNSYS (TRANsient SYstem Simulation), evaluating the system performance throughout the cooling season. The results show that in July, under low volumetric flow conditions and with nanoparticle concentrations of 0.6% and 0.3%, the solar fraction reaches a maximum value of 1. Using a nanofluid at 0.6% concentration leads to significantly higher fractional energy savings compared to pure water. Despite increased pumping energy, the overall energy savings—which include the contribution from an auxiliary boiler—exceed 80% when nanofluids are used. This study goes beyond previous work by providing a dynamic, system-level simulation of nanofluid-enhanced solar cooling performance under realistic operating conditions. The findings demonstrate the practical potential of nanofluids as a valid and more energy-efficient alternative in solar thermal applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3480nanofluidssolar energythermal efficiencysolar coolingTRNSYS
spellingShingle Luca Cirillo
Sabrina Gargiulo
Adriana Greco
Claudia Masselli
Sergio Nardini
Vincenzo Orabona
Lucrezia Verneau
A Dynamic Investigation of a Solar Absorption Plant with Nanofluids for Air-Conditioning of an Office Building in a Mild Climate Zone
Energies
nanofluids
solar energy
thermal efficiency
solar cooling
TRNSYS
title A Dynamic Investigation of a Solar Absorption Plant with Nanofluids for Air-Conditioning of an Office Building in a Mild Climate Zone
title_full A Dynamic Investigation of a Solar Absorption Plant with Nanofluids for Air-Conditioning of an Office Building in a Mild Climate Zone
title_fullStr A Dynamic Investigation of a Solar Absorption Plant with Nanofluids for Air-Conditioning of an Office Building in a Mild Climate Zone
title_full_unstemmed A Dynamic Investigation of a Solar Absorption Plant with Nanofluids for Air-Conditioning of an Office Building in a Mild Climate Zone
title_short A Dynamic Investigation of a Solar Absorption Plant with Nanofluids for Air-Conditioning of an Office Building in a Mild Climate Zone
title_sort dynamic investigation of a solar absorption plant with nanofluids for air conditioning of an office building in a mild climate zone
topic nanofluids
solar energy
thermal efficiency
solar cooling
TRNSYS
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3480
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