Large‐Scale Forces Under Surface Gravity Waves at a Wavy Bottom: A Mechanism for the Generation of Primary Microseisms

Abstract Primary microseisms are background seismic oscillations recorded everywhere on Earth with typical frequencies 0.05 < f < 0.1 Hz. They appear to be generated by ocean waves of the same frequency f, propagating over shallow bottom topography. Previous quantitative models for the generat...

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Main Author: Fabrice Ardhuin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-08-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078855
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author Fabrice Ardhuin
author_facet Fabrice Ardhuin
author_sort Fabrice Ardhuin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Primary microseisms are background seismic oscillations recorded everywhere on Earth with typical frequencies 0.05 < f < 0.1 Hz. They appear to be generated by ocean waves of the same frequency f, propagating over shallow bottom topography. Previous quantitative models for the generation of primary microseisms considered wave propagation over topographic features with either large scales, equivalent to a vertical point force, or small scales matching ocean wave wavelengths, equivalent to a horizontal force. While the first requires unrealistic bottom slopes to explain measured Rayleigh wave amplitudes, the second produced Love waves and not enough Rayleigh waves. Here we show how the small scales actually produce comparable horizontal and vertical forces. For example, a realistic rough bottom over an area of 100 km2 with depths around 15 m is enough to explain the vertical ground motion observed at a seismic station located 150 km away. Ocean waves propagating over small‐scale topography is thus a plausible explanation for the observed microseisms at frequencies around 0.07 Hz.
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spelling doaj-art-b71800fce9cf4b399fbfedd100ee2d2e2025-08-20T02:57:52ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072018-08-0145168173818110.1029/2018GL078855Large‐Scale Forces Under Surface Gravity Waves at a Wavy Bottom: A Mechanism for the Generation of Primary MicroseismsFabrice Ardhuin0University of Brest CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, IUEM Brest FranceAbstract Primary microseisms are background seismic oscillations recorded everywhere on Earth with typical frequencies 0.05 < f < 0.1 Hz. They appear to be generated by ocean waves of the same frequency f, propagating over shallow bottom topography. Previous quantitative models for the generation of primary microseisms considered wave propagation over topographic features with either large scales, equivalent to a vertical point force, or small scales matching ocean wave wavelengths, equivalent to a horizontal force. While the first requires unrealistic bottom slopes to explain measured Rayleigh wave amplitudes, the second produced Love waves and not enough Rayleigh waves. Here we show how the small scales actually produce comparable horizontal and vertical forces. For example, a realistic rough bottom over an area of 100 km2 with depths around 15 m is enough to explain the vertical ground motion observed at a seismic station located 150 km away. Ocean waves propagating over small‐scale topography is thus a plausible explanation for the observed microseisms at frequencies around 0.07 Hz.https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078855microseismsocean wavestopographysand waves
spellingShingle Fabrice Ardhuin
Large‐Scale Forces Under Surface Gravity Waves at a Wavy Bottom: A Mechanism for the Generation of Primary Microseisms
Geophysical Research Letters
microseisms
ocean waves
topography
sand waves
title Large‐Scale Forces Under Surface Gravity Waves at a Wavy Bottom: A Mechanism for the Generation of Primary Microseisms
title_full Large‐Scale Forces Under Surface Gravity Waves at a Wavy Bottom: A Mechanism for the Generation of Primary Microseisms
title_fullStr Large‐Scale Forces Under Surface Gravity Waves at a Wavy Bottom: A Mechanism for the Generation of Primary Microseisms
title_full_unstemmed Large‐Scale Forces Under Surface Gravity Waves at a Wavy Bottom: A Mechanism for the Generation of Primary Microseisms
title_short Large‐Scale Forces Under Surface Gravity Waves at a Wavy Bottom: A Mechanism for the Generation of Primary Microseisms
title_sort large scale forces under surface gravity waves at a wavy bottom a mechanism for the generation of primary microseisms
topic microseisms
ocean waves
topography
sand waves
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078855
work_keys_str_mv AT fabriceardhuin largescaleforcesundersurfacegravitywavesatawavybottomamechanismforthegenerationofprimarymicroseisms