High coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokers

Abstract An association of coffee consumption with a risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unknown. We hypothesized that coffee consumption influences aortic diameter and AAA risk, with smoking status as a modifier. The study included 42,723 Swedish men and 34,921 women (age 45–83 years) with i...

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Main Authors: Joanna Kaluza, Otto Stackelberg, Martin Björck, Alicja Wolk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12668-2
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author Joanna Kaluza
Otto Stackelberg
Martin Björck
Alicja Wolk
author_facet Joanna Kaluza
Otto Stackelberg
Martin Björck
Alicja Wolk
author_sort Joanna Kaluza
collection DOAJ
description Abstract An association of coffee consumption with a risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unknown. We hypothesized that coffee consumption influences aortic diameter and AAA risk, with smoking status as a modifier. The study included 42,723 Swedish men and 34,921 women (age 45–83 years) with infrarenal aortic diameter (IAD) measured in 8,109 men. Over 18.7 years, 1863 AAA cases (1585 non-ruptured, 278 ruptured) were identified. Among participants with coffee consumption ≤ 5 cups/day, current smokers versus never smokers had a 3-fold higher risk of non-ruptured and ruptured AAA (HR = 3.12, 95%CI = 2.62–3.71 and HR = 2.90, 95%CI = 1.95–4.31, respectively); the risk increased with coffee consumption > 5 cups/day and was a 4-fold higher (HR = 3.89, 95%CI = 3.12–4.85) for non-ruptured and a 4.6-fold higher (HR = 4.61, 95%CI = 2.72–7.86) for ruptured AAA (P-value- multiplicative-interaction = 0.009). 160 (2.0%) screened men had an IAD ≥ 30 mm. In men drinking daily ≤ 3 cups of coffee, current smokers versus never smokers had a 4-fold (OR = 4.09, 95%CI = 1.81–9.22) higher risk of IAD ≥ 30 mm; in men with higher coffee consumption (> 3 cups/day), the risk increased 6.6-fold (OR = 6.58, 95%CI = 2.98–14.6). In ex-smokers, the corresponding ORs were 1.67 (95%CI = 0.62–4.49) and 3.27 (95%CI = 1.27–8.40), respectively. In conclusion, high coffee consumption may increase risk of AAA and infrarenal aortic diameter in smokers.
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spelling doaj-art-b6ff4ae1ba5a44e9b66d9e684869f4e52025-08-20T04:03:03ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-12668-2High coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokersJoanna Kaluza0Otto Stackelberg1Martin Björck2Alicja Wolk3Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetUnit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Section of Vascular Surgery, Uppsala UniversityUnit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetAbstract An association of coffee consumption with a risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unknown. We hypothesized that coffee consumption influences aortic diameter and AAA risk, with smoking status as a modifier. The study included 42,723 Swedish men and 34,921 women (age 45–83 years) with infrarenal aortic diameter (IAD) measured in 8,109 men. Over 18.7 years, 1863 AAA cases (1585 non-ruptured, 278 ruptured) were identified. Among participants with coffee consumption ≤ 5 cups/day, current smokers versus never smokers had a 3-fold higher risk of non-ruptured and ruptured AAA (HR = 3.12, 95%CI = 2.62–3.71 and HR = 2.90, 95%CI = 1.95–4.31, respectively); the risk increased with coffee consumption > 5 cups/day and was a 4-fold higher (HR = 3.89, 95%CI = 3.12–4.85) for non-ruptured and a 4.6-fold higher (HR = 4.61, 95%CI = 2.72–7.86) for ruptured AAA (P-value- multiplicative-interaction = 0.009). 160 (2.0%) screened men had an IAD ≥ 30 mm. In men drinking daily ≤ 3 cups of coffee, current smokers versus never smokers had a 4-fold (OR = 4.09, 95%CI = 1.81–9.22) higher risk of IAD ≥ 30 mm; in men with higher coffee consumption (> 3 cups/day), the risk increased 6.6-fold (OR = 6.58, 95%CI = 2.98–14.6). In ex-smokers, the corresponding ORs were 1.67 (95%CI = 0.62–4.49) and 3.27 (95%CI = 1.27–8.40), respectively. In conclusion, high coffee consumption may increase risk of AAA and infrarenal aortic diameter in smokers.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12668-2Abdominal aortic aneurysmConsumptionCoffeeProspective studySmoking
spellingShingle Joanna Kaluza
Otto Stackelberg
Martin Björck
Alicja Wolk
High coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokers
Scientific Reports
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Consumption
Coffee
Prospective study
Smoking
title High coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokers
title_full High coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokers
title_fullStr High coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokers
title_full_unstemmed High coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokers
title_short High coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokers
title_sort high coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokers
topic Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Consumption
Coffee
Prospective study
Smoking
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12668-2
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