Three-year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopia
Abstract Background Amblyopia is associated with structural differences in ocular biometrics, but existing studies often lack long-term follow-ups. This study compares three-year changes in ocular biometric components in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes. Methods In this prospective cohort, study dat...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Ophthalmology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03895-2 |
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| author | Masoud Khorrami-Nejad Roqayeh Aliyari Ali Nouraeinejad Mohsen Heirani Mohammad Hassan Emamian Hassan Hashemi Akbar Fotouhi |
| author_facet | Masoud Khorrami-Nejad Roqayeh Aliyari Ali Nouraeinejad Mohsen Heirani Mohammad Hassan Emamian Hassan Hashemi Akbar Fotouhi |
| author_sort | Masoud Khorrami-Nejad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Amblyopia is associated with structural differences in ocular biometrics, but existing studies often lack long-term follow-ups. This study compares three-year changes in ocular biometric components in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes. Methods In this prospective cohort, study data were collected in 2015 and 2018 in Shahroud, northeast Iran. The sample comprised 4968 primary students (9935 eyes), including 4931 non-amblyopic students (9893 eyes) and 37 students with amblyopia (42 eyes). Axial length, keratometry, central corneal thickness, lens thickness, pupil diameter, anterior chamber depth, lens power and vitreous chamber depth were measured using Lenstar LS900. Multilevel mixed-effects regression models were used to determine any association between variables. Results The mean age of children without and with amblyopia at baseline were 9.7 ± 1.7 and 9.9 ± 1.5 years, respectively. The mean axial elongation in amblyopic and non-amblyopic groups over three years was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.34–0.40) and 0.33 mm (95% CI: 0.31–0.34), respectively (p < 0.001). Amblyopic eyes showed greater axial elongation than non-amblyopic eyes (p < 0.001). Anterior chamber depth was constant in amblyopic eyes while it decreased in non-amblyopic eyes by 0.13 mm. Vitreous chamber depth increased significantly in both groups, with a greater increase observed in the amblyopic eyes (0.36 vs. 0.28 mm) (p < 0.001). Flat and steep keratometry increased significantly in amblyopic eyes (p < 0.001), while it was constant in non-amblyopic eyes. Lens power decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). The increase in the axial length and vitreous chamber depth in the amblyopic eye was greater than in the non-amblyopic eyes (p < 0.001). The spherical equivalent change in both groups was − 0.31 D. Conclusions Amblyopia was associated with significant changes in key biometric parameters, offering valuable insight into the structural alterations underlying the condition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6f1d7568dec474f8921b8db53728b84 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1471-2415 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6f1d7568dec474f8921b8db53728b842025-08-20T03:00:59ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152025-02-012511910.1186/s12886-025-03895-2Three-year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopiaMasoud Khorrami-Nejad0Roqayeh Aliyari1Ali Nouraeinejad2Mohsen Heirani3Mohammad Hassan Emamian4Hassan Hashemi5Akbar Fotouhi6School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical SciencesCenter for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesSchool of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical SciencesSchool of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical SciencesOphthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesNoor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye HospitalDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Amblyopia is associated with structural differences in ocular biometrics, but existing studies often lack long-term follow-ups. This study compares three-year changes in ocular biometric components in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes. Methods In this prospective cohort, study data were collected in 2015 and 2018 in Shahroud, northeast Iran. The sample comprised 4968 primary students (9935 eyes), including 4931 non-amblyopic students (9893 eyes) and 37 students with amblyopia (42 eyes). Axial length, keratometry, central corneal thickness, lens thickness, pupil diameter, anterior chamber depth, lens power and vitreous chamber depth were measured using Lenstar LS900. Multilevel mixed-effects regression models were used to determine any association between variables. Results The mean age of children without and with amblyopia at baseline were 9.7 ± 1.7 and 9.9 ± 1.5 years, respectively. The mean axial elongation in amblyopic and non-amblyopic groups over three years was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.34–0.40) and 0.33 mm (95% CI: 0.31–0.34), respectively (p < 0.001). Amblyopic eyes showed greater axial elongation than non-amblyopic eyes (p < 0.001). Anterior chamber depth was constant in amblyopic eyes while it decreased in non-amblyopic eyes by 0.13 mm. Vitreous chamber depth increased significantly in both groups, with a greater increase observed in the amblyopic eyes (0.36 vs. 0.28 mm) (p < 0.001). Flat and steep keratometry increased significantly in amblyopic eyes (p < 0.001), while it was constant in non-amblyopic eyes. Lens power decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). The increase in the axial length and vitreous chamber depth in the amblyopic eye was greater than in the non-amblyopic eyes (p < 0.001). The spherical equivalent change in both groups was − 0.31 D. Conclusions Amblyopia was associated with significant changes in key biometric parameters, offering valuable insight into the structural alterations underlying the condition.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03895-2Ocular biometryAmblyopiaAxial lengthKeratometryRefraction |
| spellingShingle | Masoud Khorrami-Nejad Roqayeh Aliyari Ali Nouraeinejad Mohsen Heirani Mohammad Hassan Emamian Hassan Hashemi Akbar Fotouhi Three-year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopia BMC Ophthalmology Ocular biometry Amblyopia Axial length Keratometry Refraction |
| title | Three-year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopia |
| title_full | Three-year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopia |
| title_fullStr | Three-year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopia |
| title_short | Three-year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopia |
| title_sort | three year changes in ocular biometric components in children with amblyopia |
| topic | Ocular biometry Amblyopia Axial length Keratometry Refraction |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03895-2 |
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