A scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees.
Since the divergence of humans and chimpanzees about 5 million years ago, these species have undergone a remarkable evolution with drastic divergence in anatomy and cognitive abilities. At the molecular level, despite the small overall magnitude of DNA sequence divergence, we might expect such evolu...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2005-06-01
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| Series: | PLoS Biology |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030170&type=printable |
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| author | Rasmus Nielsen Carlos Bustamante Andrew G Clark Stephen Glanowski Timothy B Sackton Melissa J Hubisz Adi Fledel-Alon David M Tanenbaum Daniel Civello Thomas J White John J Sninsky Mark D Adams Michele Cargill |
| author_facet | Rasmus Nielsen Carlos Bustamante Andrew G Clark Stephen Glanowski Timothy B Sackton Melissa J Hubisz Adi Fledel-Alon David M Tanenbaum Daniel Civello Thomas J White John J Sninsky Mark D Adams Michele Cargill |
| author_sort | Rasmus Nielsen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the divergence of humans and chimpanzees about 5 million years ago, these species have undergone a remarkable evolution with drastic divergence in anatomy and cognitive abilities. At the molecular level, despite the small overall magnitude of DNA sequence divergence, we might expect such evolutionary changes to leave a noticeable signature throughout the genome. We here compare 13,731 annotated genes from humans to their chimpanzee orthologs to identify genes that show evidence of positive selection. Many of the genes that present a signature of positive selection tend to be involved in sensory perception or immune defenses. However, the group of genes that show the strongest evidence for positive selection also includes a surprising number of genes involved in tumor suppression and apoptosis, and of genes involved in spermatogenesis. We hypothesize that positive selection in some of these genes may be driven by genomic conflict due to apoptosis during spermatogenesis. Genes with maximal expression in the brain show little or no evidence for positive selection, while genes with maximal expression in the testis tend to be enriched with positively selected genes. Genes on the X chromosome also tend to show an elevated tendency for positive selection. We also present polymorphism data from 20 Caucasian Americans and 19 African Americans for the 50 annotated genes showing the strongest evidence for positive selection. The polymorphism analysis further supports the presence of positive selection in these genes by showing an excess of high-frequency derived nonsynonymous mutations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6ed3d9df35442e59f62defb4e4f85be |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1544-9173 1545-7885 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2005-06-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6ed3d9df35442e59f62defb4e4f85be2025-08-20T02:17:21ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852005-06-0136e17010.1371/journal.pbio.0030170A scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees.Rasmus NielsenCarlos BustamanteAndrew G ClarkStephen GlanowskiTimothy B SacktonMelissa J HubiszAdi Fledel-AlonDavid M TanenbaumDaniel CivelloThomas J WhiteJohn J SninskyMark D AdamsMichele CargillSince the divergence of humans and chimpanzees about 5 million years ago, these species have undergone a remarkable evolution with drastic divergence in anatomy and cognitive abilities. At the molecular level, despite the small overall magnitude of DNA sequence divergence, we might expect such evolutionary changes to leave a noticeable signature throughout the genome. We here compare 13,731 annotated genes from humans to their chimpanzee orthologs to identify genes that show evidence of positive selection. Many of the genes that present a signature of positive selection tend to be involved in sensory perception or immune defenses. However, the group of genes that show the strongest evidence for positive selection also includes a surprising number of genes involved in tumor suppression and apoptosis, and of genes involved in spermatogenesis. We hypothesize that positive selection in some of these genes may be driven by genomic conflict due to apoptosis during spermatogenesis. Genes with maximal expression in the brain show little or no evidence for positive selection, while genes with maximal expression in the testis tend to be enriched with positively selected genes. Genes on the X chromosome also tend to show an elevated tendency for positive selection. We also present polymorphism data from 20 Caucasian Americans and 19 African Americans for the 50 annotated genes showing the strongest evidence for positive selection. The polymorphism analysis further supports the presence of positive selection in these genes by showing an excess of high-frequency derived nonsynonymous mutations.https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030170&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Rasmus Nielsen Carlos Bustamante Andrew G Clark Stephen Glanowski Timothy B Sackton Melissa J Hubisz Adi Fledel-Alon David M Tanenbaum Daniel Civello Thomas J White John J Sninsky Mark D Adams Michele Cargill A scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees. PLoS Biology |
| title | A scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees. |
| title_full | A scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees. |
| title_fullStr | A scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees. |
| title_full_unstemmed | A scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees. |
| title_short | A scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees. |
| title_sort | scan for positively selected genes in the genomes of humans and chimpanzees |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030170&type=printable |
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