The Effects of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> on the Characteristics and Microbial Community of <i>Urtica cannabina</i> Silage

The utilization of nettle (<i>Urtica cannabina</i>) as feed is restricted by its material properties (antibacterial activity and high buffering capacity). This study hypothesized that the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) attached to nettles can improve these problems. <i>Lactococc...

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Main Authors: Yongcheng Chen, Shuangming Li, Yingchao Sun, Yuxin Chai, Shuan Jia, Chunhui Ma, Fanfan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1453
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author Yongcheng Chen
Shuangming Li
Yingchao Sun
Yuxin Chai
Shuan Jia
Chunhui Ma
Fanfan Zhang
author_facet Yongcheng Chen
Shuangming Li
Yingchao Sun
Yuxin Chai
Shuan Jia
Chunhui Ma
Fanfan Zhang
author_sort Yongcheng Chen
collection DOAJ
description The utilization of nettle (<i>Urtica cannabina</i>) as feed is restricted by its material properties (antibacterial activity and high buffering capacity). This study hypothesized that the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) attached to nettles can improve these problems. <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> (LG), <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> (PP), and LG + PP (LP) isolated from nettles were inoculated into nettle silage to explore nutrient retention and the microbial community structure. The results showed that inoculation significantly delayed dry matter and crude protein loss, inhibited neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradation, and reduced ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) accumulation. There was a significant increase in Firmicutes abundance after inoculation, and the dominant genus, <i>Aerococcus,</i> was negatively correlated with NH<sub>3</sub>-N accumulation. In the later stages of the PP treatment, <i>Atopistipes</i> synergistically inhibited <i>Clostridia</i> with acetic acid. However, the high buffering capacity and antibacterial components of raw nettle led to increased pH values during the later fermentation stages, limiting sustained acid production by LAB. These results confirm that nettle-derived LAB can effectively improve the quality of silage by regulating the microbial community and the acidification process; however, they must be combined with pretreatment strategies or optimized composite microbial agents to overcome raw material limitations. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the utilization of nettle as feed.
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spelling doaj-art-b6ec9df887f8445ebfee4c76a62c899f2025-08-20T03:32:27ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-06-01137145310.3390/microorganisms13071453The Effects of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> on the Characteristics and Microbial Community of <i>Urtica cannabina</i> SilageYongcheng Chen0Shuangming Li1Yingchao Sun2Yuxin Chai3Shuan Jia4Chunhui Ma5Fanfan Zhang6College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaThe utilization of nettle (<i>Urtica cannabina</i>) as feed is restricted by its material properties (antibacterial activity and high buffering capacity). This study hypothesized that the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) attached to nettles can improve these problems. <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> (LG), <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> (PP), and LG + PP (LP) isolated from nettles were inoculated into nettle silage to explore nutrient retention and the microbial community structure. The results showed that inoculation significantly delayed dry matter and crude protein loss, inhibited neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradation, and reduced ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) accumulation. There was a significant increase in Firmicutes abundance after inoculation, and the dominant genus, <i>Aerococcus,</i> was negatively correlated with NH<sub>3</sub>-N accumulation. In the later stages of the PP treatment, <i>Atopistipes</i> synergistically inhibited <i>Clostridia</i> with acetic acid. However, the high buffering capacity and antibacterial components of raw nettle led to increased pH values during the later fermentation stages, limiting sustained acid production by LAB. These results confirm that nettle-derived LAB can effectively improve the quality of silage by regulating the microbial community and the acidification process; however, they must be combined with pretreatment strategies or optimized composite microbial agents to overcome raw material limitations. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the utilization of nettle as feed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1453nettle silagelactobacillus inoculationmicrobial community regulationfeed resource development
spellingShingle Yongcheng Chen
Shuangming Li
Yingchao Sun
Yuxin Chai
Shuan Jia
Chunhui Ma
Fanfan Zhang
The Effects of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> on the Characteristics and Microbial Community of <i>Urtica cannabina</i> Silage
Microorganisms
nettle silage
lactobacillus inoculation
microbial community regulation
feed resource development
title The Effects of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> on the Characteristics and Microbial Community of <i>Urtica cannabina</i> Silage
title_full The Effects of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> on the Characteristics and Microbial Community of <i>Urtica cannabina</i> Silage
title_fullStr The Effects of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> on the Characteristics and Microbial Community of <i>Urtica cannabina</i> Silage
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> on the Characteristics and Microbial Community of <i>Urtica cannabina</i> Silage
title_short The Effects of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> on the Characteristics and Microbial Community of <i>Urtica cannabina</i> Silage
title_sort effects of i lactococcus garvieae i and i pediococcus pentosaceus i on the characteristics and microbial community of i urtica cannabina i silage
topic nettle silage
lactobacillus inoculation
microbial community regulation
feed resource development
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1453
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