Can the Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 Have a Coronal Origin?

The blazar TXS 0506+056 has been the first astrophysical source associated with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, and it has emerged as the second-most-prominent hotspot in the neutrino sky over 10 yr of observations. Although neutrino production in blazars has traditionally been attributed to pr...

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Main Authors: Damiano F. G. Fiorillo, Federico Testagrossa, Maria Petropoulou, Walter Winter
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add267
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author Damiano F. G. Fiorillo
Federico Testagrossa
Maria Petropoulou
Walter Winter
author_facet Damiano F. G. Fiorillo
Federico Testagrossa
Maria Petropoulou
Walter Winter
author_sort Damiano F. G. Fiorillo
collection DOAJ
description The blazar TXS 0506+056 has been the first astrophysical source associated with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, and it has emerged as the second-most-prominent hotspot in the neutrino sky over 10 yr of observations. Although neutrino production in blazars has traditionally been attributed to processes in the powerful relativistic jet, the observation of a significant neutrino flux from NGC 1068—presumably coming from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) corona—suggests that neutrinos can also be produced in the cores of AGN. This raises the question whether neutrino production in TXS 0506+056 is also associated with the core region. We study this scenario, focusing on the hypothesis that this blazar is a masquerading BL Lac object, a high-excitation quasar with hidden broad emission lines and a standard accretion disk. We show that magnetic reconnection is an acceleration process necessary to reach tens of PeV proton energies, and we use observationally motivated estimates of the X-ray luminosity of the coronal region to predict the emission of secondaries and compare them to the observed multiwavelength and neutrino spectra of the source. We find that the coronal neutrino emission from TXS 0506+056 is too low to describe the IceCube observed neutrinos from this AGN, which in turn suggests that the blazar jet remains the preferred location for neutrino production.
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spelling doaj-art-b6e98c7cba534ad1850f7f515504155b2025-08-20T02:35:33ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01986110410.3847/1538-4357/add267Can the Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 Have a Coronal Origin?Damiano F. G. Fiorillo0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-9850Federico Testagrossa1https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9401-1971Maria Petropoulou2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-0179Walter Winter3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-0289Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; damianofg@gmail.comDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; damianofg@gmail.comDepartment of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , University Campus Zografos, GR 15784, Athens, Greece; Institute of Accelerating Systems & Applications , University Campus Zografos, Athens, GreeceDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany ; damianofg@gmail.comThe blazar TXS 0506+056 has been the first astrophysical source associated with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, and it has emerged as the second-most-prominent hotspot in the neutrino sky over 10 yr of observations. Although neutrino production in blazars has traditionally been attributed to processes in the powerful relativistic jet, the observation of a significant neutrino flux from NGC 1068—presumably coming from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) corona—suggests that neutrinos can also be produced in the cores of AGN. This raises the question whether neutrino production in TXS 0506+056 is also associated with the core region. We study this scenario, focusing on the hypothesis that this blazar is a masquerading BL Lac object, a high-excitation quasar with hidden broad emission lines and a standard accretion disk. We show that magnetic reconnection is an acceleration process necessary to reach tens of PeV proton energies, and we use observationally motivated estimates of the X-ray luminosity of the coronal region to predict the emission of secondaries and compare them to the observed multiwavelength and neutrino spectra of the source. We find that the coronal neutrino emission from TXS 0506+056 is too low to describe the IceCube observed neutrinos from this AGN, which in turn suggests that the blazar jet remains the preferred location for neutrino production.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add267High energy astrophysicsActive galactic nucleiNeutrino astronomyNonthermal radiation sourcesPlasma astrophysics
spellingShingle Damiano F. G. Fiorillo
Federico Testagrossa
Maria Petropoulou
Walter Winter
Can the Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 Have a Coronal Origin?
The Astrophysical Journal
High energy astrophysics
Active galactic nuclei
Neutrino astronomy
Nonthermal radiation sources
Plasma astrophysics
title Can the Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 Have a Coronal Origin?
title_full Can the Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 Have a Coronal Origin?
title_fullStr Can the Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 Have a Coronal Origin?
title_full_unstemmed Can the Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 Have a Coronal Origin?
title_short Can the Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 Have a Coronal Origin?
title_sort can the neutrinos from txs 0506 056 have a coronal origin
topic High energy astrophysics
Active galactic nuclei
Neutrino astronomy
Nonthermal radiation sources
Plasma astrophysics
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add267
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