Autovaccine immunoprophylaxis in patients with neurogenic bladder experiencing recurrent urinary tract infections

IntroductionNeurogenic Bladder (NB) patients are highly susceptible to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), often requiring repeated hospitalizations and prolonged antibiotic use. Current preventive strategies, including long-term antibiotics, frequently fail due to resistance and limited effi...

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Main Authors: Miguel Ángel Bonillo-García, Domingo Guzmán Ordaz-Jurado, Juan Ortiz-Salvador, Josep Oriol Colet-Guitert, Eduardo Morán-Pascual, Esther Martínez-Cuenca, Salvador Arlandis-Guzmán
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1626422/full
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author Miguel Ángel Bonillo-García
Domingo Guzmán Ordaz-Jurado
Juan Ortiz-Salvador
Josep Oriol Colet-Guitert
Eduardo Morán-Pascual
Esther Martínez-Cuenca
Salvador Arlandis-Guzmán
author_facet Miguel Ángel Bonillo-García
Domingo Guzmán Ordaz-Jurado
Juan Ortiz-Salvador
Josep Oriol Colet-Guitert
Eduardo Morán-Pascual
Esther Martínez-Cuenca
Salvador Arlandis-Guzmán
author_sort Miguel Ángel Bonillo-García
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionNeurogenic Bladder (NB) patients are highly susceptible to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), often requiring repeated hospitalizations and prolonged antibiotic use. Current preventive strategies, including long-term antibiotics, frequently fail due to resistance and limited efficacy. Autovaccination, a form of personalized immunoprophylaxis using inactivated patient-specific bacterial strains, has shown potential in reducing UTI recurrence but has not been well studied in NB populations.MethodsA prospective, single-center study was conducted at the Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe València, Spain. Eligible participants were individuals of any gender, aged between 18 and 65 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of NB. They were required to have experienced recurrent UTIs within the past twelve months, despite having undergone a six-month regimen of prophylactic antibiotics without success. Participants received a sublingual bacterial autovaccine (Uromune®) prepared from uropathogens isolated from their own urine cultures. Primary outcomes included changes in hospitalization and emergency admission rates, while secondary outcomes assessed UTI-free time and patient-reported outcomes using validated instruments.ResultsThe study included 71 adult NB patients with recurrent UTIs. Autovaccination significantly reduced hospitalizations (from 1.76 ± 3.47 to 0.78 ± 1.38, p < 0.001) and emergency admissions (from 8.62 ± 6.35 to 3.93 ± 4.48, p < 0.001). At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-treatment, UTI-free rates were 69.1%, 42.6%, 29.4%, and 20.6%, respectively. Most patients reported high satisfaction and perceived clinical improvement.ConclusionsAutovaccination appears to be a promising strategy for reducing the burden of recurrent UTIs in NB patients, with high patient satisfaction and fewer hospital visits. These findings support the need for larger, multicenter trials to confirm efficacy and define optimal treatment protocols.
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spelling doaj-art-b6e2c9e8cf3d4e0bb7d2749dbb08a6942025-08-20T03:58:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16264221626422Autovaccine immunoprophylaxis in patients with neurogenic bladder experiencing recurrent urinary tract infectionsMiguel Ángel Bonillo-GarcíaDomingo Guzmán Ordaz-JuradoJuan Ortiz-SalvadorJosep Oriol Colet-GuitertEduardo Morán-PascualEsther Martínez-CuencaSalvador Arlandis-GuzmánIntroductionNeurogenic Bladder (NB) patients are highly susceptible to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), often requiring repeated hospitalizations and prolonged antibiotic use. Current preventive strategies, including long-term antibiotics, frequently fail due to resistance and limited efficacy. Autovaccination, a form of personalized immunoprophylaxis using inactivated patient-specific bacterial strains, has shown potential in reducing UTI recurrence but has not been well studied in NB populations.MethodsA prospective, single-center study was conducted at the Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe València, Spain. Eligible participants were individuals of any gender, aged between 18 and 65 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of NB. They were required to have experienced recurrent UTIs within the past twelve months, despite having undergone a six-month regimen of prophylactic antibiotics without success. Participants received a sublingual bacterial autovaccine (Uromune®) prepared from uropathogens isolated from their own urine cultures. Primary outcomes included changes in hospitalization and emergency admission rates, while secondary outcomes assessed UTI-free time and patient-reported outcomes using validated instruments.ResultsThe study included 71 adult NB patients with recurrent UTIs. Autovaccination significantly reduced hospitalizations (from 1.76 ± 3.47 to 0.78 ± 1.38, p < 0.001) and emergency admissions (from 8.62 ± 6.35 to 3.93 ± 4.48, p < 0.001). At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-treatment, UTI-free rates were 69.1%, 42.6%, 29.4%, and 20.6%, respectively. Most patients reported high satisfaction and perceived clinical improvement.ConclusionsAutovaccination appears to be a promising strategy for reducing the burden of recurrent UTIs in NB patients, with high patient satisfaction and fewer hospital visits. These findings support the need for larger, multicenter trials to confirm efficacy and define optimal treatment protocols.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1626422/fullautovaccinationemergency admissionshospitalizationneurogenic bladderurinary tract infections
spellingShingle Miguel Ángel Bonillo-García
Domingo Guzmán Ordaz-Jurado
Juan Ortiz-Salvador
Josep Oriol Colet-Guitert
Eduardo Morán-Pascual
Esther Martínez-Cuenca
Salvador Arlandis-Guzmán
Autovaccine immunoprophylaxis in patients with neurogenic bladder experiencing recurrent urinary tract infections
Frontiers in Immunology
autovaccination
emergency admissions
hospitalization
neurogenic bladder
urinary tract infections
title Autovaccine immunoprophylaxis in patients with neurogenic bladder experiencing recurrent urinary tract infections
title_full Autovaccine immunoprophylaxis in patients with neurogenic bladder experiencing recurrent urinary tract infections
title_fullStr Autovaccine immunoprophylaxis in patients with neurogenic bladder experiencing recurrent urinary tract infections
title_full_unstemmed Autovaccine immunoprophylaxis in patients with neurogenic bladder experiencing recurrent urinary tract infections
title_short Autovaccine immunoprophylaxis in patients with neurogenic bladder experiencing recurrent urinary tract infections
title_sort autovaccine immunoprophylaxis in patients with neurogenic bladder experiencing recurrent urinary tract infections
topic autovaccination
emergency admissions
hospitalization
neurogenic bladder
urinary tract infections
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1626422/full
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