The efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension-antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination: Assessing the ecological profile

Contemporary researches underscore the efficacy of a novel single-pill blend comprising Losartan (LOS), Rosuvastatin (ROS), Ezetimibe (EZE), together with Amlodipine (AML) for managing hypertension and hyperlipidemia. This work displays the utilization of effective and eco-friendly approaches for th...

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Main Authors: Duaa AL Zakri, Amir Alhaj Sakur
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Green Analytical Chemistry
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577425000576
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author Duaa AL Zakri
Amir Alhaj Sakur
author_facet Duaa AL Zakri
Amir Alhaj Sakur
author_sort Duaa AL Zakri
collection DOAJ
description Contemporary researches underscore the efficacy of a novel single-pill blend comprising Losartan (LOS), Rosuvastatin (ROS), Ezetimibe (EZE), together with Amlodipine (AML) for managing hypertension and hyperlipidemia. This work displays the utilization of effective and eco-friendly approaches for the synchronous estimation of LOS, ROS, EZE, and AML in their combined forms and tablet preparations with critical ratios. The technique of integrating constant multiplication with spectrum subtraction is key in disentangling the complex quaternary mixture. It does so by analyzing the extended spectral region of AML and ROS to ascertain their concentrations and segregate their influence from the composite, thus isolating the LOS/EZE duo. The interference between LOS and EZE is subsequently deciphered either through the direct application of continuous wavelet transformation on the original spectra using the Daubechies wavelets or by manipulating the ratio spectra using either of two strategies: advanced amplitude difference or mean-centering transformations. These approaches have successfully quantified AML, LOS, ROS, and EZE within the ranges of 7-40 μg/ml, 4-35 μg/ml, 5-35 μg/ml, and 4-35 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, we validated these methods for precision, accuracy, and specificity following the directions of ICH. A statistical comparison with HPLC-reported approaches revealed no significant differences. The ecological profile of the presented approaches was also evaluated, considering three aspects: greenness (using the modified eco-scale Green Certificate, AGREE, AGP, and Green Solvent Selection Tool), whiteness (using RGP12), and practicality (using the Blue Applicability Grade Index - BAGI). This ecological assessment confirms the sustainability, economic viability, and safety of the suggested approaches for daily analysis.
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spelling doaj-art-b6c63d25aa524705bade00642e32f4122025-08-20T02:49:59ZengElsevierGreen Analytical Chemistry2772-57742025-06-011310026110.1016/j.greeac.2025.100261The efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension-antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination: Assessing the ecological profileDuaa AL Zakri0Amir Alhaj Sakur1Corresponding author.; Analytical and Food Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo, SyriaAnalytical and Food Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo, SyriaContemporary researches underscore the efficacy of a novel single-pill blend comprising Losartan (LOS), Rosuvastatin (ROS), Ezetimibe (EZE), together with Amlodipine (AML) for managing hypertension and hyperlipidemia. This work displays the utilization of effective and eco-friendly approaches for the synchronous estimation of LOS, ROS, EZE, and AML in their combined forms and tablet preparations with critical ratios. The technique of integrating constant multiplication with spectrum subtraction is key in disentangling the complex quaternary mixture. It does so by analyzing the extended spectral region of AML and ROS to ascertain their concentrations and segregate their influence from the composite, thus isolating the LOS/EZE duo. The interference between LOS and EZE is subsequently deciphered either through the direct application of continuous wavelet transformation on the original spectra using the Daubechies wavelets or by manipulating the ratio spectra using either of two strategies: advanced amplitude difference or mean-centering transformations. These approaches have successfully quantified AML, LOS, ROS, and EZE within the ranges of 7-40 μg/ml, 4-35 μg/ml, 5-35 μg/ml, and 4-35 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, we validated these methods for precision, accuracy, and specificity following the directions of ICH. A statistical comparison with HPLC-reported approaches revealed no significant differences. The ecological profile of the presented approaches was also evaluated, considering three aspects: greenness (using the modified eco-scale Green Certificate, AGREE, AGP, and Green Solvent Selection Tool), whiteness (using RGP12), and practicality (using the Blue Applicability Grade Index - BAGI). This ecological assessment confirms the sustainability, economic viability, and safety of the suggested approaches for daily analysis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577425000576Mean-centeringContinuous wavelet transformationGreen certificateBlue applicability grade indexLosartanAmlodipine
spellingShingle Duaa AL Zakri
Amir Alhaj Sakur
The efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension-antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination: Assessing the ecological profile
Green Analytical Chemistry
Mean-centering
Continuous wavelet transformation
Green certificate
Blue applicability grade index
Losartan
Amlodipine
title The efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension-antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination: Assessing the ecological profile
title_full The efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension-antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination: Assessing the ecological profile
title_fullStr The efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension-antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination: Assessing the ecological profile
title_full_unstemmed The efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension-antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination: Assessing the ecological profile
title_short The efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension-antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination: Assessing the ecological profile
title_sort efficiency of new univariate spectroscopic approaches for the sustainable estimation of a newly invented antihypertension antihyperlipidemic quaternary combination assessing the ecological profile
topic Mean-centering
Continuous wavelet transformation
Green certificate
Blue applicability grade index
Losartan
Amlodipine
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577425000576
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