Integrative Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanisms of <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> in Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment: An In Silico Study

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious diabetes-related complication leading to kidney damage. <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> (CT), traditionally used in managing diabetes and kidney disorders, has shown potential in treating DN, although its active compounds and mechanisms are not fully under...

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Main Authors: Rashmi Singh, Nilanchala Sahu, Rama Tyagi, Perwez Alam, Ali Akhtar, Ramanpreet Walia, Amrish Chandra, Swati Madan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Current Issues in Molecular Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/705
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author Rashmi Singh
Nilanchala Sahu
Rama Tyagi
Perwez Alam
Ali Akhtar
Ramanpreet Walia
Amrish Chandra
Swati Madan
author_facet Rashmi Singh
Nilanchala Sahu
Rama Tyagi
Perwez Alam
Ali Akhtar
Ramanpreet Walia
Amrish Chandra
Swati Madan
author_sort Rashmi Singh
collection DOAJ
description Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious diabetes-related complication leading to kidney damage. <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> (CT), traditionally used in managing diabetes and kidney disorders, has shown potential in treating DN, although its active compounds and mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to identify CT’s bioactive compounds and explore their therapeutic mechanisms in DN. Active compounds in CT were identified using the Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals and Therapeutics database, and their potential targets were predicted with PharmMapper. DN-related targets were sourced from GeneCards, and therapeutic targets were identified by intersecting the compound–target and disease–target data. Bioinformatics analyses, including the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment studies, were performed on these targets. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations validated the most promising compound–target interactions. Six active compounds in CT were identified, along with 347 potential therapeutic targets, of which 70 were DN-relevant. Key targets like MMP9, EGFR, and AKT1 were highlighted, and the PPAR and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were identified as the primary mechanisms through which CT may treat DN. CT shows promise in treating DN by modulating key pathways related to cellular development, inflammation, and metabolism.
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spelling doaj-art-b6c56d53f9cd42ffbab22d448857d7992024-11-26T17:57:48ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452024-10-014611118681188910.3390/cimb46110705Integrative Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanisms of <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> in Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment: An In Silico StudyRashmi Singh0Nilanchala Sahu1Rama Tyagi2Perwez Alam3Ali Akhtar4Ramanpreet Walia5Amrish Chandra6Swati Madan7Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSharda School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaGalgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaAmity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSharda School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAmity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious diabetes-related complication leading to kidney damage. <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> (CT), traditionally used in managing diabetes and kidney disorders, has shown potential in treating DN, although its active compounds and mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to identify CT’s bioactive compounds and explore their therapeutic mechanisms in DN. Active compounds in CT were identified using the Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals and Therapeutics database, and their potential targets were predicted with PharmMapper. DN-related targets were sourced from GeneCards, and therapeutic targets were identified by intersecting the compound–target and disease–target data. Bioinformatics analyses, including the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment studies, were performed on these targets. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations validated the most promising compound–target interactions. Six active compounds in CT were identified, along with 347 potential therapeutic targets, of which 70 were DN-relevant. Key targets like MMP9, EGFR, and AKT1 were highlighted, and the PPAR and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were identified as the primary mechanisms through which CT may treat DN. CT shows promise in treating DN by modulating key pathways related to cellular development, inflammation, and metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/705diabetic nephropathy<i>Cinnamomum tamala</i>IMPPAT databaseSTRINGmolecular dockingmolecular dynamics simulation
spellingShingle Rashmi Singh
Nilanchala Sahu
Rama Tyagi
Perwez Alam
Ali Akhtar
Ramanpreet Walia
Amrish Chandra
Swati Madan
Integrative Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanisms of <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> in Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment: An In Silico Study
Current Issues in Molecular Biology
diabetic nephropathy
<i>Cinnamomum tamala</i>
IMPPAT database
STRING
molecular docking
molecular dynamics simulation
title Integrative Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanisms of <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> in Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment: An In Silico Study
title_full Integrative Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanisms of <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> in Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment: An In Silico Study
title_fullStr Integrative Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanisms of <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> in Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment: An In Silico Study
title_full_unstemmed Integrative Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanisms of <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> in Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment: An In Silico Study
title_short Integrative Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanisms of <i>Cinnamomum tamala</i> in Diabetic Nephropathy Treatment: An In Silico Study
title_sort integrative network pharmacology molecular docking and dynamics simulations reveal the mechanisms of i cinnamomum tamala i in diabetic nephropathy treatment an in silico study
topic diabetic nephropathy
<i>Cinnamomum tamala</i>
IMPPAT database
STRING
molecular docking
molecular dynamics simulation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/705
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