Eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake and chronotype in relation with premenstrual syndrome among female college students

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical, behavioral, and emotional problems that occur before menstruation. Although the exact cause of this illness is unknown, various studies have suggested that it may be brought on by dietary, behavioral, or hormonal changes.  Objectives:...

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Main Authors: Hiya Alfi Rahmah, Adendita Azmi Afiattami, Izzati Nur Khoiriani, Izka Sofiyya Wahyurin
Format: Article
Language:Indonesian
Published: Diponegoro University 2025-06-01
Series:Jurnal Gizi Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition
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Online Access:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jgi/article/view/68022
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author Hiya Alfi Rahmah
Adendita Azmi Afiattami
Izzati Nur Khoiriani
Izka Sofiyya Wahyurin
author_facet Hiya Alfi Rahmah
Adendita Azmi Afiattami
Izzati Nur Khoiriani
Izka Sofiyya Wahyurin
author_sort Hiya Alfi Rahmah
collection DOAJ
description Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical, behavioral, and emotional problems that occur before menstruation. Although the exact cause of this illness is unknown, various studies have suggested that it may be brought on by dietary, behavioral, or hormonal changes.  Objectives: This study examined how eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake, and chronotype related to PMS in female college students at Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a cross-sectional design with a cluster sampling method. This study was conducted with 104 participants, with the criteria: aged 18-22 years, class of 2020-2022, physically healthy, and willing to participate in the entire series of studies. The exclusion criteria in this study were taking sleeping pills, using hormonal therapy, and being diagnosed with a gynecological disorder. Statistical data analysis using the Spearman Correlation test. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) was used to assess eating behavior, Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ) to assess phytoestrogen intake, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire Self Assessment Version (MEQ-SA) to assess chronotype, and Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form (SPAF) to assess PMS. Results: Of the 104 participants, 99% reported having experienced symptoms of PMS. 90.4% of participants reported consuming phytoestrogens at a lower level than the sufficiency level. Emotional eating dominated the eating behavior characteristics with a 69.2% prevalence, while half of the respondents (59.6%) had a morning chronotype. Eating behavior, especially restrained eating and external eating was significantly correlated with PMS severity (p<0.023; r=0.222); (p=0.002; r=0.304). Phytoestrogen intake was significantly associated with PMS (p=0.007; r=-0.264). However, emotional eating and chronotype did not correlate with PMS. Conclusion: Eating behaviors: restrained, external eating, and phytoestrogen intake were associated with PMS while emotional eating and chronotype showed no correlation with PMS severity.
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series Jurnal Gizi Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition
spelling doaj-art-b6be53e79f514673a287d7f9a6e40bcf2025-08-20T03:29:31ZindDiponegoro UniversityJurnal Gizi Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition2338-31192025-06-0113215216110.14710/jgi.13.2.152-16125936Eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake and chronotype in relation with premenstrual syndrome among female college studentsHiya Alfi Rahmah0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5325-7537Adendita Azmi Afiattami1Izzati Nur Khoiriani2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5979-7382Izka Sofiyya Wahyurin3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-810XDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Central Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Central Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Central Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Central Java, IndonesiaBackground: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical, behavioral, and emotional problems that occur before menstruation. Although the exact cause of this illness is unknown, various studies have suggested that it may be brought on by dietary, behavioral, or hormonal changes.  Objectives: This study examined how eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake, and chronotype related to PMS in female college students at Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a cross-sectional design with a cluster sampling method. This study was conducted with 104 participants, with the criteria: aged 18-22 years, class of 2020-2022, physically healthy, and willing to participate in the entire series of studies. The exclusion criteria in this study were taking sleeping pills, using hormonal therapy, and being diagnosed with a gynecological disorder. Statistical data analysis using the Spearman Correlation test. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) was used to assess eating behavior, Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ) to assess phytoestrogen intake, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire Self Assessment Version (MEQ-SA) to assess chronotype, and Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form (SPAF) to assess PMS. Results: Of the 104 participants, 99% reported having experienced symptoms of PMS. 90.4% of participants reported consuming phytoestrogens at a lower level than the sufficiency level. Emotional eating dominated the eating behavior characteristics with a 69.2% prevalence, while half of the respondents (59.6%) had a morning chronotype. Eating behavior, especially restrained eating and external eating was significantly correlated with PMS severity (p<0.023; r=0.222); (p=0.002; r=0.304). Phytoestrogen intake was significantly associated with PMS (p=0.007; r=-0.264). However, emotional eating and chronotype did not correlate with PMS. Conclusion: Eating behaviors: restrained, external eating, and phytoestrogen intake were associated with PMS while emotional eating and chronotype showed no correlation with PMS severity.https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jgi/article/view/68022chronotypeeating behaviorphytoestrogen intakepremenstrual syndrome
spellingShingle Hiya Alfi Rahmah
Adendita Azmi Afiattami
Izzati Nur Khoiriani
Izka Sofiyya Wahyurin
Eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake and chronotype in relation with premenstrual syndrome among female college students
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition
chronotype
eating behavior
phytoestrogen intake
premenstrual syndrome
title Eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake and chronotype in relation with premenstrual syndrome among female college students
title_full Eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake and chronotype in relation with premenstrual syndrome among female college students
title_fullStr Eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake and chronotype in relation with premenstrual syndrome among female college students
title_full_unstemmed Eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake and chronotype in relation with premenstrual syndrome among female college students
title_short Eating behavior, phytoestrogen intake and chronotype in relation with premenstrual syndrome among female college students
title_sort eating behavior phytoestrogen intake and chronotype in relation with premenstrual syndrome among female college students
topic chronotype
eating behavior
phytoestrogen intake
premenstrual syndrome
url https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jgi/article/view/68022
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