Seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafish
Abstract Background The global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes highlights the need for safe and effective therapeutic interventions. Enhalus acoroides is a tropical seagrass rich in carotenoids and other bioactives. Its potential for metabolic regulation has been suggested in vitro, but in vivo...
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BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01823-4 |
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| author | Marcello Mikhael Kadharusman Rony Abdi Syahputra Rudy Kurniawan Edwin Hadinata Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata Nurpudji Astuti Taslim Raffaele Romano Antonello Santini Fahrul Nurkolis |
| author_facet | Marcello Mikhael Kadharusman Rony Abdi Syahputra Rudy Kurniawan Edwin Hadinata Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata Nurpudji Astuti Taslim Raffaele Romano Antonello Santini Fahrul Nurkolis |
| author_sort | Marcello Mikhael Kadharusman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes highlights the need for safe and effective therapeutic interventions. Enhalus acoroides is a tropical seagrass rich in carotenoids and other bioactives. Its potential for metabolic regulation has been suggested in vitro, but in vivo efficacy and molecular mechanisms remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of Enhalus acoroides extract (SEAE) in a zebrafish model of diet- and glucose-induced metabolic dysfunction. Methods Adult zebrafish were subjected to overfeeding and glucose immersion, after overfeeding and 14 days of glucose immersion to induce diabetes, adult zebrafish were randomized into three groups: untreated diabetic, SEAE-treated (5 mg/L), and metformin-treated (3.3 mg/L) for 20 days. Body weight, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, gene expression (GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c), and gut microbiota profiles via 16 S rRNA sequencing were assessed. Results SEAE significantly reduced body weight and blood glucose in diabetic zebrafish (p < 0.05), with efficacy comparable to or exceeding Metformin. It upregulated GLP-1 and downregulated PPARγ and SREBP-1c. SEAE also reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, while increasing HDL levels. Moreover, SEAE restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased alpha diversity, and shifted beta diversity toward healthy controls. SEAE-treated fish showed microbial profiles closer to normal than those treated with Metformin. Conclusions SEAE exhibits strong anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects by modulating key metabolic pathways and restoring gut microbial homeostasis. These findings highlight SEAE as a promising marine-derived therapeutic candidate for metabolic syndrome and warrant further investigation as a functional food or nutraceutical. Clinical trial Not applicable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6b5d293d6ca488a8fc2f8b417d66f83 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1758-5996 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6b5d293d6ca488a8fc2f8b417d66f832025-08-20T02:37:33ZengBMCDiabetology & Metabolic Syndrome1758-59962025-06-0117111210.1186/s13098-025-01823-4Seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafishMarcello Mikhael Kadharusman0Rony Abdi Syahputra1Rudy Kurniawan2Edwin Hadinata3Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata4Nurpudji Astuti Taslim5Raffaele Romano6Antonello Santini7Fahrul Nurkolis8Faculty of Medicine, Universitas IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera UtaraGraduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Ciputra University of SurabayaCenter for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Research and Policy, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaDivision of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin UniversityDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico IIState Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga)Abstract Background The global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes highlights the need for safe and effective therapeutic interventions. Enhalus acoroides is a tropical seagrass rich in carotenoids and other bioactives. Its potential for metabolic regulation has been suggested in vitro, but in vivo efficacy and molecular mechanisms remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of Enhalus acoroides extract (SEAE) in a zebrafish model of diet- and glucose-induced metabolic dysfunction. Methods Adult zebrafish were subjected to overfeeding and glucose immersion, after overfeeding and 14 days of glucose immersion to induce diabetes, adult zebrafish were randomized into three groups: untreated diabetic, SEAE-treated (5 mg/L), and metformin-treated (3.3 mg/L) for 20 days. Body weight, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, gene expression (GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c), and gut microbiota profiles via 16 S rRNA sequencing were assessed. Results SEAE significantly reduced body weight and blood glucose in diabetic zebrafish (p < 0.05), with efficacy comparable to or exceeding Metformin. It upregulated GLP-1 and downregulated PPARγ and SREBP-1c. SEAE also reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, while increasing HDL levels. Moreover, SEAE restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased alpha diversity, and shifted beta diversity toward healthy controls. SEAE-treated fish showed microbial profiles closer to normal than those treated with Metformin. Conclusions SEAE exhibits strong anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects by modulating key metabolic pathways and restoring gut microbial homeostasis. These findings highlight SEAE as a promising marine-derived therapeutic candidate for metabolic syndrome and warrant further investigation as a functional food or nutraceutical. Clinical trial Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01823-4Metabolic syndromeFunctional foodSeagrassGut microbiomeIn vivoMarine product |
| spellingShingle | Marcello Mikhael Kadharusman Rony Abdi Syahputra Rudy Kurniawan Edwin Hadinata Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata Nurpudji Astuti Taslim Raffaele Romano Antonello Santini Fahrul Nurkolis Seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafish Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic syndrome Functional food Seagrass Gut microbiome In vivo Marine product |
| title | Seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafish |
| title_full | Seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafish |
| title_fullStr | Seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafish |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafish |
| title_short | Seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafish |
| title_sort | seagrass enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via glp 1 pparγ srebp 1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafish |
| topic | Metabolic syndrome Functional food Seagrass Gut microbiome In vivo Marine product |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01823-4 |
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