A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV2 in Pakistan
Objective: To examine the prevalence of antibody IgG/IgM and designing follow-up study of six months and to perform the molecular characterization and sequence analysis of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Study Design: Prevalence study. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the P...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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National University of Medical Sciences
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Life and Science |
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| Online Access: | https://ojs.lifenscience.org/index.php/life-and-science/article/view/400 |
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| author | Mahnoor Rizwan Abdul Ahad Sadia Aziz Nazir Ahmed Lone Tabasum Naz Muhammad Bilal Khan Laila Jafri Liaqat Ali |
| author_facet | Mahnoor Rizwan Abdul Ahad Sadia Aziz Nazir Ahmed Lone Tabasum Naz Muhammad Bilal Khan Laila Jafri Liaqat Ali |
| author_sort | Mahnoor Rizwan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To examine the prevalence of antibody IgG/IgM and designing follow-up study of six months and to
perform the molecular characterization and sequence analysis of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
Study Design: Prevalence study.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the Post-Graduate Lab of the National University
of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2021 to June 2021.
Methods: 112 suspected patients with mild and severe symptoms were tested by PCR (polymerase chain
reaction) and all were positive. Antibody profiling of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients was performed by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and followed up for up to six months.
Results: Ten patients were identified as re-infected and were subsequently re-tested via PCR and DNA
sequencing. The IgG/IgM of immunized patients was 11.87IU/mL and 3.87IU/mL in non-immunized individuals.
Genomic analysis indicated that all the sequences belong to delta variant (21A and 21J sub-lineages). Mutations
were observed in spike protein at I1169V, D950N in 21A and T951I and S254F in 21J sub-lineages.
Conclusion: This study revealed the significance of measuring antibody levels among vaccinated and
unvaccinated individuals. Additionally, mutations in the spike gene of the delta variant of SARS-CoV2 can
influence the pathogen's mutation rate, leading to changes in its transmissibility and pathogenicity.
How to cite this: Rizwan M, Ahad A, Aziz S, Lone NA, Naz T, Khan MB, Jafri L, Ali L. A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV-2 in Pakistan. Life and Science. 2023; 4(4): 458-468. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.400 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6b21e33e9ec4b89b737907562fa5da5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2521-0475 2708-2970 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | National University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life and Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6b21e33e9ec4b89b737907562fa5da52025-08-20T02:12:33ZengNational University of Medical SciencesLife and Science2521-04752708-29702023-10-0144111110.37185/LnS.1.1.400400A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV2 in PakistanMahnoor Rizwan0Abdul Ahad1Sadia Aziz2Nazir Ahmed Lone3Tabasum Naz4Muhammad Bilal Khan5Laila Jafri6Liaqat Ali7Abasyn University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PakistanNational Institute of Health, Islamabad, PakistanInternational Islamic University, Islamabad, PakistanNational University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, PakistanAbasyn University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PakistanNational University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, PakistanAbasyn University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PakistanNational University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, PakistanObjective: To examine the prevalence of antibody IgG/IgM and designing follow-up study of six months and to perform the molecular characterization and sequence analysis of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Study Design: Prevalence study. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the Post-Graduate Lab of the National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: 112 suspected patients with mild and severe symptoms were tested by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and all were positive. Antibody profiling of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and followed up for up to six months. Results: Ten patients were identified as re-infected and were subsequently re-tested via PCR and DNA sequencing. The IgG/IgM of immunized patients was 11.87IU/mL and 3.87IU/mL in non-immunized individuals. Genomic analysis indicated that all the sequences belong to delta variant (21A and 21J sub-lineages). Mutations were observed in spike protein at I1169V, D950N in 21A and T951I and S254F in 21J sub-lineages. Conclusion: This study revealed the significance of measuring antibody levels among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Additionally, mutations in the spike gene of the delta variant of SARS-CoV2 can influence the pathogen's mutation rate, leading to changes in its transmissibility and pathogenicity. How to cite this: Rizwan M, Ahad A, Aziz S, Lone NA, Naz T, Khan MB, Jafri L, Ali L. A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV-2 in Pakistan. Life and Science. 2023; 4(4): 458-468. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.400https://ojs.lifenscience.org/index.php/life-and-science/article/view/400antibody quantification, covid-19, elisa, follow-up, immunity |
| spellingShingle | Mahnoor Rizwan Abdul Ahad Sadia Aziz Nazir Ahmed Lone Tabasum Naz Muhammad Bilal Khan Laila Jafri Liaqat Ali A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV2 in Pakistan Life and Science antibody quantification, covid-19, elisa, follow-up, immunity |
| title | A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV2 in Pakistan |
| title_full | A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV2 in Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV2 in Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV2 in Pakistan |
| title_short | A Study on Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Spike Protein of SARS-COV2 in Pakistan |
| title_sort | study on prevalence and molecular characterization of spike protein of sars cov2 in pakistan |
| topic | antibody quantification, covid-19, elisa, follow-up, immunity |
| url | https://ojs.lifenscience.org/index.php/life-and-science/article/view/400 |
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