Cleaning Fungal Stains on Cotton and Wood-containing Paper Using Protease
Protease enzyme at concentrations of 50, 75, and 100 U (μmol/min), in both solution and paste form, was evaluated for cleaning stains caused by Aspergillus flavus. This applied study was conducted on paper sheets that had been formed from either cotton or wood-derived cellulose fibers. After cleanin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North Carolina State University
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BioResources |
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| Online Access: | https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24801 |
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| author | Mohamed Zidan Mohamed Salem Wael S. Mohamed Olfat Ahmad Rawan Ahmed Naglaa Khaled Nada Abo El-Makarem Nora Fawzy Rasha Sadek Rushdya R. A. Hassan Maximilian Lackner |
| author_facet | Mohamed Zidan Mohamed Salem Wael S. Mohamed Olfat Ahmad Rawan Ahmed Naglaa Khaled Nada Abo El-Makarem Nora Fawzy Rasha Sadek Rushdya R. A. Hassan Maximilian Lackner |
| author_sort | Mohamed Zidan Mohamed Salem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protease enzyme at concentrations of 50, 75, and 100 U (μmol/min), in both solution and paste form, was evaluated for cleaning stains caused by Aspergillus flavus. This applied study was conducted on paper sheets that had been formed from either cotton or wood-derived cellulose fibers. After cleaning, the infected samples were examined and analyzed to identify any changes and assess the effectiveness of the cleaning process. Color change, digital microscopy, ATR-FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and pH measurement were employed. The results confirmed that the most effective treatment was the enzyme paste form at 50 and 75 U, as this was able to remove existing fungus spots on the surface or permeate within the fibers. IR spectroscopy confirmed that the chemical composition of both cotton and wood paper remained unchanged. Conversely, there was a significant increase in the characteristic vibrations of water and the crystallization sites of cellulose at the wavenumber of 1300 cm-1. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6a8e79fc2a44b2fa50dd535aa54ba7c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1930-2126 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | North Carolina State University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BioResources |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6a8e79fc2a44b2fa50dd535aa54ba7c2025-08-20T03:43:55ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-07-01203743574623145Cleaning Fungal Stains on Cotton and Wood-containing Paper Using ProteaseMohamed Zidan Mohamed Salem0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-7935Wael S. Mohamed1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5246-7620Olfat Ahmad2Rawan Ahmed3Naglaa Khaled4Nada Abo El-Makarem5Nora Fawzy6Rasha Sadek7Rushdya R. A. Hassan8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-8291Maximilian Lackner9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2673-7495Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, EgyptPolymer Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, EgyptOrganic Materials Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, EgyptOrganic Materials Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, EgyptOrganic Materials Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, EgyptOrganic Materials Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, EgyptOrganic Materials Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, EgyptTextile Metrology, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Cairo, EgyptOrganic Materials Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, AustriaProtease enzyme at concentrations of 50, 75, and 100 U (μmol/min), in both solution and paste form, was evaluated for cleaning stains caused by Aspergillus flavus. This applied study was conducted on paper sheets that had been formed from either cotton or wood-derived cellulose fibers. After cleaning, the infected samples were examined and analyzed to identify any changes and assess the effectiveness of the cleaning process. Color change, digital microscopy, ATR-FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and pH measurement were employed. The results confirmed that the most effective treatment was the enzyme paste form at 50 and 75 U, as this was able to remove existing fungus spots on the surface or permeate within the fibers. IR spectroscopy confirmed that the chemical composition of both cotton and wood paper remained unchanged. Conversely, there was a significant increase in the characteristic vibrations of water and the crystallization sites of cellulose at the wavenumber of 1300 cm-1.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24801fungal stainscotton paperwood pulp paperprotease enzymecellulose |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Zidan Mohamed Salem Wael S. Mohamed Olfat Ahmad Rawan Ahmed Naglaa Khaled Nada Abo El-Makarem Nora Fawzy Rasha Sadek Rushdya R. A. Hassan Maximilian Lackner Cleaning Fungal Stains on Cotton and Wood-containing Paper Using Protease BioResources fungal stains cotton paper wood pulp paper protease enzyme cellulose |
| title | Cleaning Fungal Stains on Cotton and Wood-containing Paper Using Protease |
| title_full | Cleaning Fungal Stains on Cotton and Wood-containing Paper Using Protease |
| title_fullStr | Cleaning Fungal Stains on Cotton and Wood-containing Paper Using Protease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cleaning Fungal Stains on Cotton and Wood-containing Paper Using Protease |
| title_short | Cleaning Fungal Stains on Cotton and Wood-containing Paper Using Protease |
| title_sort | cleaning fungal stains on cotton and wood containing paper using protease |
| topic | fungal stains cotton paper wood pulp paper protease enzyme cellulose |
| url | https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24801 |
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