Long term proliferation and physiological response of embryogenic callus in Slash pine (Pinus Elliottii Engelm)
Abstract Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) is an economically significant tree species valued for its timber and resin production. Establishing a somatic embryogenesis system is essential for the effective utilization of slash pine. This study aims to develop an optimized cultivation system for t...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06436-5 |
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| author | Zishan Cheng Cangfu Jin Min Yi Jinwen Xie Meng Lai Xiujing Xiao Lu Zhang |
| author_facet | Zishan Cheng Cangfu Jin Min Yi Jinwen Xie Meng Lai Xiujing Xiao Lu Zhang |
| author_sort | Zishan Cheng |
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| description | Abstract Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) is an economically significant tree species valued for its timber and resin production. Establishing a somatic embryogenesis system is essential for the effective utilization of slash pine. This study aims to develop an optimized cultivation system for the long-term proliferation of embryogenic callus (EC) in slash pine. The study used the EC induced from immature zygotic embryos as materials to investigated the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs), subculture cycles, and subculture durations on the EC proliferation coefficient and the number of somatic embryos (SE). Additionally, we monitored the changes in the proliferation coefficient, the number of SE, and physiological and biochemical indicators of EC during long-term proliferation. The EC proliferation coefficient reached its highest value (7.65) when the DCR medium was supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). Refreshing the culture medium every 14 days, EC maintaining proliferation coefficient (4.05) and embryogenic potential for approximately three year (980 d), but the number of somatic embryos was low and significantly declined after 140 days.The additional supplementation of 1.0 mg/L 2- (1-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA) to the original proliferation medium further enhanced SE induction, achieving a maximum of 143.25 SE per gram of EC. Under the optimal proliferation culture conditions, EC was subcultured for 392 days, with no significant differences observed in the proliferation coefficient and the number of SE. The results of correlation and path analyses between physiological indicators and proliferation coefficient indicate that the proliferation coefficient of EC is mainly related to the content of storage substances (starch and soluble sugars) and the activities of redox-related enzymes (POD and CAT). The optimized long-term proliferation culture system for EC in slash pine provides an efficient approach to enhance the production of EC and SE. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b6a6f34f7d4e4d7ab4929b4fc28fadac2025-08-20T03:38:15ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-06436-5Long term proliferation and physiological response of embryogenic callus in Slash pine (Pinus Elliottii Engelm)Zishan Cheng0Cangfu Jin1Min Yi2Jinwen Xie3Meng Lai4Xiujing Xiao5Lu Zhang6Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Co-innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityJiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Co-innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityJiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Co-innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityJiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Co-innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityJiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Co-innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityJiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Co-innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityJiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Co-innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical trees Cultivation and Utilization, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityAbstract Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) is an economically significant tree species valued for its timber and resin production. Establishing a somatic embryogenesis system is essential for the effective utilization of slash pine. This study aims to develop an optimized cultivation system for the long-term proliferation of embryogenic callus (EC) in slash pine. The study used the EC induced from immature zygotic embryos as materials to investigated the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs), subculture cycles, and subculture durations on the EC proliferation coefficient and the number of somatic embryos (SE). Additionally, we monitored the changes in the proliferation coefficient, the number of SE, and physiological and biochemical indicators of EC during long-term proliferation. The EC proliferation coefficient reached its highest value (7.65) when the DCR medium was supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). Refreshing the culture medium every 14 days, EC maintaining proliferation coefficient (4.05) and embryogenic potential for approximately three year (980 d), but the number of somatic embryos was low and significantly declined after 140 days.The additional supplementation of 1.0 mg/L 2- (1-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA) to the original proliferation medium further enhanced SE induction, achieving a maximum of 143.25 SE per gram of EC. Under the optimal proliferation culture conditions, EC was subcultured for 392 days, with no significant differences observed in the proliferation coefficient and the number of SE. The results of correlation and path analyses between physiological indicators and proliferation coefficient indicate that the proliferation coefficient of EC is mainly related to the content of storage substances (starch and soluble sugars) and the activities of redox-related enzymes (POD and CAT). The optimized long-term proliferation culture system for EC in slash pine provides an efficient approach to enhance the production of EC and SE.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06436-5Pinus elliottiiSomatic embryogenesisLong-time proliferationEmbryogenic callusPhysiological indicator |
| spellingShingle | Zishan Cheng Cangfu Jin Min Yi Jinwen Xie Meng Lai Xiujing Xiao Lu Zhang Long term proliferation and physiological response of embryogenic callus in Slash pine (Pinus Elliottii Engelm) Scientific Reports Pinus elliottii Somatic embryogenesis Long-time proliferation Embryogenic callus Physiological indicator |
| title | Long term proliferation and physiological response of embryogenic callus in Slash pine (Pinus Elliottii Engelm) |
| title_full | Long term proliferation and physiological response of embryogenic callus in Slash pine (Pinus Elliottii Engelm) |
| title_fullStr | Long term proliferation and physiological response of embryogenic callus in Slash pine (Pinus Elliottii Engelm) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long term proliferation and physiological response of embryogenic callus in Slash pine (Pinus Elliottii Engelm) |
| title_short | Long term proliferation and physiological response of embryogenic callus in Slash pine (Pinus Elliottii Engelm) |
| title_sort | long term proliferation and physiological response of embryogenic callus in slash pine pinus elliottii engelm |
| topic | Pinus elliottii Somatic embryogenesis Long-time proliferation Embryogenic callus Physiological indicator |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06436-5 |
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