Footprint of Domestic Processing on Safety and Functional Properties of Italian Black Garlic

Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) is extensively recognized for its health-promoting effects and functional attributes, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, the derived product of the industrial maturation process, known as black garlic, is famous for i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Davide Addazii, Chiara Cevoli, Flavia Casciano, Federico Ferioli, Tullia Gallina Toschi, Andrea Gianotti, Lorenzo Nissen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2595
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849405698505441280
author Davide Addazii
Chiara Cevoli
Flavia Casciano
Federico Ferioli
Tullia Gallina Toschi
Andrea Gianotti
Lorenzo Nissen
author_facet Davide Addazii
Chiara Cevoli
Flavia Casciano
Federico Ferioli
Tullia Gallina Toschi
Andrea Gianotti
Lorenzo Nissen
author_sort Davide Addazii
collection DOAJ
description Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) is extensively recognized for its health-promoting effects and functional attributes, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, the derived product of the industrial maturation process, known as black garlic, is famous for its functional properties. The novelty of the present work is to characterize the functional properties of domestically produced black garlic. In fact, this study examines the domestic maturation of fresh garlic bulbs into black garlic of two Italian varieties, focusing on microbial growth, antimicrobial properties, prebiotic activity, volatile organic compounds, mechanical resistance, brown intensity, pH, and Aw. Results show that domestic processes are microbiologically and chemically safe and generate black garlic products with functional attributes such as prebiotic activity and the presence of health-related bioactive compounds, also developing superior technological performance. These findings enhance the understanding of black garlic culinary practices, leveraging gastronomic preparations for the development of healthier and safer food products.
format Article
id doaj-art-b6a3b40c682440c8951ea86ae8f19f71
institution Kabale University
issn 2304-8158
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Foods
spelling doaj-art-b6a3b40c682440c8951ea86ae8f19f712025-08-20T03:36:35ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-07-011415259510.3390/foods14152595Footprint of Domestic Processing on Safety and Functional Properties of Italian Black GarlicDavide Addazii0Chiara Cevoli1Flavia Casciano2Federico Ferioli3Tullia Gallina Toschi4Andrea Gianotti5Lorenzo Nissen6DiSTAL–Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Food Science Campus, P.za G. Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDiSTAL–Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Food Science Campus, P.za G. Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDiSTAL–Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Food Science Campus, P.za G. Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDiSTAL–Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Food Science Campus, P.za G. Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDiSTAL–Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Food Science Campus, P.za G. Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDiSTAL–Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Food Science Campus, P.za G. Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDiSTAL–Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Food Science Campus, P.za G. Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyGarlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) is extensively recognized for its health-promoting effects and functional attributes, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, the derived product of the industrial maturation process, known as black garlic, is famous for its functional properties. The novelty of the present work is to characterize the functional properties of domestically produced black garlic. In fact, this study examines the domestic maturation of fresh garlic bulbs into black garlic of two Italian varieties, focusing on microbial growth, antimicrobial properties, prebiotic activity, volatile organic compounds, mechanical resistance, brown intensity, pH, and Aw. Results show that domestic processes are microbiologically and chemically safe and generate black garlic products with functional attributes such as prebiotic activity and the presence of health-related bioactive compounds, also developing superior technological performance. These findings enhance the understanding of black garlic culinary practices, leveraging gastronomic preparations for the development of healthier and safer food products.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2595<i>Allium sativum</i>maturation processgastronomymechanical strengthvolatile compoundsprebiotic
spellingShingle Davide Addazii
Chiara Cevoli
Flavia Casciano
Federico Ferioli
Tullia Gallina Toschi
Andrea Gianotti
Lorenzo Nissen
Footprint of Domestic Processing on Safety and Functional Properties of Italian Black Garlic
Foods
<i>Allium sativum</i>
maturation process
gastronomy
mechanical strength
volatile compounds
prebiotic
title Footprint of Domestic Processing on Safety and Functional Properties of Italian Black Garlic
title_full Footprint of Domestic Processing on Safety and Functional Properties of Italian Black Garlic
title_fullStr Footprint of Domestic Processing on Safety and Functional Properties of Italian Black Garlic
title_full_unstemmed Footprint of Domestic Processing on Safety and Functional Properties of Italian Black Garlic
title_short Footprint of Domestic Processing on Safety and Functional Properties of Italian Black Garlic
title_sort footprint of domestic processing on safety and functional properties of italian black garlic
topic <i>Allium sativum</i>
maturation process
gastronomy
mechanical strength
volatile compounds
prebiotic
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2595
work_keys_str_mv AT davideaddazii footprintofdomesticprocessingonsafetyandfunctionalpropertiesofitalianblackgarlic
AT chiaracevoli footprintofdomesticprocessingonsafetyandfunctionalpropertiesofitalianblackgarlic
AT flaviacasciano footprintofdomesticprocessingonsafetyandfunctionalpropertiesofitalianblackgarlic
AT federicoferioli footprintofdomesticprocessingonsafetyandfunctionalpropertiesofitalianblackgarlic
AT tulliagallinatoschi footprintofdomesticprocessingonsafetyandfunctionalpropertiesofitalianblackgarlic
AT andreagianotti footprintofdomesticprocessingonsafetyandfunctionalpropertiesofitalianblackgarlic
AT lorenzonissen footprintofdomesticprocessingonsafetyandfunctionalpropertiesofitalianblackgarlic