Integrating AI in STEM Education in Africa: A Systematic Review of Best Practices and Perspectives

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education is gaining global momentum, particularly within STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. In Africa, however, the adoption of AI in STEM education remains fragmented and underexplored. This systematic rev...

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Main Authors: Rogerant Tshibangu, Nokukhanya Thembane
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universitas Sebelas Maret 2025-07-01
Series:IJIE (Indonesian Journal of Informatics Education)
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/ijie/article/view/98421
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author Rogerant Tshibangu
Nokukhanya Thembane
author_facet Rogerant Tshibangu
Nokukhanya Thembane
author_sort Rogerant Tshibangu
collection DOAJ
description The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education is gaining global momentum, particularly within STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. In Africa, however, the adoption of AI in STEM education remains fragmented and underexplored. This systematic review offers a novel and comprehensive synthesis of 46 peer-reviewed studies to assess how AI is being integrated into STEM education across African higher education institutions. Using the PRISMA framework, the review applies both thematic analysis and a PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) lens to discover patterns, regional disparities, and systemic barriers. The study reveals three key innovations: first, it integrates a wide range of theoretical perspectives including Diffusion of Innovations, Constructivist Learning Theory, Cognitive Load Theory, and Postcolonial Theory to interpret the socio-technical and pedagogical dynamics of AI adoption. Second, it develops a strategic, context-sensitive framework to guide the equitable and sustainable implementation of AI in STEM education, aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 4 and 9). Third, it critiques Eurocentric approaches to AI adoption and calls for a decolonized, locally adaptive model of AI integration. Major findings include infrastructure deficits, insufficient lecturer training, ethical and policy gaps, and the digital divide all of which hinder AI’s transformative potential in African STEM education. Yet, the increasing use of AI tools like ChatGPT, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and LMS platforms post-2020 signals a turning point. This review advances a nuanced, Africa-centered roadmap for AI in STEM education and contributes original theoretical and strategic insights to the global discourse on educational innovation.
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spelling doaj-art-b69d47d0d04e4e48af9f2a5218bf0a662025-08-20T03:57:09ZengUniversitas Sebelas MaretIJIE (Indonesian Journal of Informatics Education)2549-03892025-07-0191103810.20961/ijie.v9i1.9842146610Integrating AI in STEM Education in Africa: A Systematic Review of Best Practices and PerspectivesRogerant Tshibangu0Nokukhanya Thembane1Mangosuthu University of TechnologyMangosuthu University of TechnologyThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education is gaining global momentum, particularly within STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. In Africa, however, the adoption of AI in STEM education remains fragmented and underexplored. This systematic review offers a novel and comprehensive synthesis of 46 peer-reviewed studies to assess how AI is being integrated into STEM education across African higher education institutions. Using the PRISMA framework, the review applies both thematic analysis and a PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) lens to discover patterns, regional disparities, and systemic barriers. The study reveals three key innovations: first, it integrates a wide range of theoretical perspectives including Diffusion of Innovations, Constructivist Learning Theory, Cognitive Load Theory, and Postcolonial Theory to interpret the socio-technical and pedagogical dynamics of AI adoption. Second, it develops a strategic, context-sensitive framework to guide the equitable and sustainable implementation of AI in STEM education, aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 4 and 9). Third, it critiques Eurocentric approaches to AI adoption and calls for a decolonized, locally adaptive model of AI integration. Major findings include infrastructure deficits, insufficient lecturer training, ethical and policy gaps, and the digital divide all of which hinder AI’s transformative potential in African STEM education. Yet, the increasing use of AI tools like ChatGPT, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and LMS platforms post-2020 signals a turning point. This review advances a nuanced, Africa-centered roadmap for AI in STEM education and contributes original theoretical and strategic insights to the global discourse on educational innovation.https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/ijie/article/view/98421ai integration in stem educationartificial intelligence in africastem education in africabest practices in ai adoptionhigher education in africa.
spellingShingle Rogerant Tshibangu
Nokukhanya Thembane
Integrating AI in STEM Education in Africa: A Systematic Review of Best Practices and Perspectives
IJIE (Indonesian Journal of Informatics Education)
ai integration in stem education
artificial intelligence in africa
stem education in africa
best practices in ai adoption
higher education in africa.
title Integrating AI in STEM Education in Africa: A Systematic Review of Best Practices and Perspectives
title_full Integrating AI in STEM Education in Africa: A Systematic Review of Best Practices and Perspectives
title_fullStr Integrating AI in STEM Education in Africa: A Systematic Review of Best Practices and Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Integrating AI in STEM Education in Africa: A Systematic Review of Best Practices and Perspectives
title_short Integrating AI in STEM Education in Africa: A Systematic Review of Best Practices and Perspectives
title_sort integrating ai in stem education in africa a systematic review of best practices and perspectives
topic ai integration in stem education
artificial intelligence in africa
stem education in africa
best practices in ai adoption
higher education in africa.
url https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/ijie/article/view/98421
work_keys_str_mv AT rogeranttshibangu integratingaiinstemeducationinafricaasystematicreviewofbestpracticesandperspectives
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