Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencing

A comprehensive eight week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the potential of brewers' spent grain (BSG) as a sustainable fish feed ingredient. The study assessed both the biosafety of BSG and its impact on the gut microbiome of Cirrhinus reba, utilizing advanced 16S metagenomic sequen...

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Main Authors: Sourav Chattaraj, Debasis Mitra, Manasi Chattaraj, Arindam Ganguly, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-01-01
Series:Current Research in Microbial Sciences
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000695
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author Sourav Chattaraj
Debasis Mitra
Manasi Chattaraj
Arindam Ganguly
Hrudayanath Thatoi
Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra
author_facet Sourav Chattaraj
Debasis Mitra
Manasi Chattaraj
Arindam Ganguly
Hrudayanath Thatoi
Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra
author_sort Sourav Chattaraj
collection DOAJ
description A comprehensive eight week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the potential of brewers' spent grain (BSG) as a sustainable fish feed ingredient. The study assessed both the biosafety of BSG and its impact on the gut microbiome of Cirrhinus reba, utilizing advanced 16S metagenomic sequencing techniques to analyze the composition and diversity of gut bacteria. A total of 90 healthy C. reba juveniles (average weight: 12 ± 1 g) were divided into two dietary groups [for control (C), for BSG meal (tB)] in triplicates. Feed prepared with conventional ingredients was used to feed the control group (C). The group tB was fed with BSG meal. After the feeding trial, the fish in tB group showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth parameters as compared to the control group. The results of bio-safety assessment indicated the absence of any pathological symptoms in the BSG meal fed carps. The fish in tB group didn't show any histopathological abnormality. Fish fed the Brewers' Spent Grain exhibited significantly elevated serum biochemical parameters, including alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), compared to the control group (p < 0.05). 16S Metagenomic sequencing of the fish gut microbiota provides insights into how BSG inclusion affects microbial diversity and composition within the digestive tract of C. reba. The analysis revealed the existence of 240 and 250 diverse bacterial genera in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of C. reba in dietary groups C and tB respectively. Importantly, the study found the gut of fish in tB group to be dominated by different beneficial genus including Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Paenibacillus, and Lysinibacillus. Feeding C. reba with BSG meal significantly increased the alpha diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, as evidenced by elevated Chao 1 estimator and Shannon index values compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). This study provides comprehensive evidence for the bio-safety of BSG as a sustainable feed ingredient in aquaculture, demonstrating its potential to support healthy fish growth and development. Moreover, the prebiotic potential of BSG in fish has also been highlighted.
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spelling doaj-art-b69ca26870f043269161d07fa27c72642025-08-20T02:19:55ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Microbial Sciences2666-51742024-01-01710028610.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100286Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencingSourav Chattaraj0Debasis Mitra1Manasi Chattaraj2Arindam Ganguly3Hrudayanath Thatoi4Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra5Centre for Industrial Biotechnology Research, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India; Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, IndiaDepartment of Geography, Bankura University, Bankura, West Bengal, 722155, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Bankura Sammilani College, Bankura, West Bengal, 722102, IndiaCentre for Industrial Biotechnology Research, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India; Corresponding author.A comprehensive eight week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the potential of brewers' spent grain (BSG) as a sustainable fish feed ingredient. The study assessed both the biosafety of BSG and its impact on the gut microbiome of Cirrhinus reba, utilizing advanced 16S metagenomic sequencing techniques to analyze the composition and diversity of gut bacteria. A total of 90 healthy C. reba juveniles (average weight: 12 ± 1 g) were divided into two dietary groups [for control (C), for BSG meal (tB)] in triplicates. Feed prepared with conventional ingredients was used to feed the control group (C). The group tB was fed with BSG meal. After the feeding trial, the fish in tB group showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth parameters as compared to the control group. The results of bio-safety assessment indicated the absence of any pathological symptoms in the BSG meal fed carps. The fish in tB group didn't show any histopathological abnormality. Fish fed the Brewers' Spent Grain exhibited significantly elevated serum biochemical parameters, including alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), compared to the control group (p < 0.05). 16S Metagenomic sequencing of the fish gut microbiota provides insights into how BSG inclusion affects microbial diversity and composition within the digestive tract of C. reba. The analysis revealed the existence of 240 and 250 diverse bacterial genera in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of C. reba in dietary groups C and tB respectively. Importantly, the study found the gut of fish in tB group to be dominated by different beneficial genus including Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Paenibacillus, and Lysinibacillus. Feeding C. reba with BSG meal significantly increased the alpha diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, as evidenced by elevated Chao 1 estimator and Shannon index values compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). This study provides comprehensive evidence for the bio-safety of BSG as a sustainable feed ingredient in aquaculture, demonstrating its potential to support healthy fish growth and development. Moreover, the prebiotic potential of BSG in fish has also been highlighted.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000695Bio-safetyBrewers’ spent grainFish feedGut microbiotaHistopathology
spellingShingle Sourav Chattaraj
Debasis Mitra
Manasi Chattaraj
Arindam Ganguly
Hrudayanath Thatoi
Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra
Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencing
Current Research in Microbial Sciences
Bio-safety
Brewers’ spent grain
Fish feed
Gut microbiota
Histopathology
title Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencing
title_full Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencing
title_fullStr Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencing
title_full_unstemmed Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencing
title_short Brewers’ spent grain as fish feed ingredient: Evaluation of bio-safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of Cirrhinus reba by 16S Metagenomic sequencing
title_sort brewers spent grain as fish feed ingredient evaluation of bio safety and analysis of its impact on gut bacteria of cirrhinus reba by 16s metagenomic sequencing
topic Bio-safety
Brewers’ spent grain
Fish feed
Gut microbiota
Histopathology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517424000695
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