Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Phycocolloids: A Road from the Species to the Industry Application

Seaweed polysaccharides are versatile both in their functions in seaweed physiology and in their practical applications in society. However, their content and quality vary greatly. This review discusses the main factors that influence the yield and quality of polysaccharides, specifically carrageena...

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Main Authors: Madalena Mendes, João Cotas, Diana Pacheco, Kay Ihle, Alina Hillinger, Miguel Cascais, João Carlos Marques, Leonel Pereira, Ana M. M. Gonçalves
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Marine Drugs
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/22/10/432
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author Madalena Mendes
João Cotas
Diana Pacheco
Kay Ihle
Alina Hillinger
Miguel Cascais
João Carlos Marques
Leonel Pereira
Ana M. M. Gonçalves
author_facet Madalena Mendes
João Cotas
Diana Pacheco
Kay Ihle
Alina Hillinger
Miguel Cascais
João Carlos Marques
Leonel Pereira
Ana M. M. Gonçalves
author_sort Madalena Mendes
collection DOAJ
description Seaweed polysaccharides are versatile both in their functions in seaweed physiology and in their practical applications in society. However, their content and quality vary greatly. This review discusses the main factors that influence the yield and quality of polysaccharides, specifically carrageenans and agars (sulfated galactans) found in red algae species (Rhodophyta). In addition, its historical, current, and emerging applications are also discussed. Carrageenan has been influenced mainly by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and nitrogen, while its relationship with temperature has not yet been replicated by recent studies. Agar’s seasonal trend has also been found to be more ambiguous than stated before, with light, temperature, nutrients, and pH being influencing factors. In this review, it is also shown that, depending on the compound type, seaweed polysaccharides are influenced by very different key factors, which can be crucial in seaweed aquaculture to promote a high yield and quality of polysaccharides. Additionally, factors like the extraction method and storage of polysaccharides also influence the yield and quality of these compounds. This review also highlights the drawbacks and inadequacy inherent from the conventional (or current) extraction technology approaches.
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language English
publishDate 2024-09-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Marine Drugs
spelling doaj-art-b68013f99a9445d4859ffd027e4ad17b2025-08-20T02:10:56ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972024-09-01221043210.3390/md22100432Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Phycocolloids: A Road from the Species to the Industry ApplicationMadalena Mendes0João Cotas1Diana Pacheco2Kay Ihle3Alina Hillinger4Miguel Cascais5João Carlos Marques6Leonel Pereira7Ana M. M. Gonçalves8Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalMarine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalMarine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalMarine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalMarine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalMarine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalMarine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalMarine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalSeaweed polysaccharides are versatile both in their functions in seaweed physiology and in their practical applications in society. However, their content and quality vary greatly. This review discusses the main factors that influence the yield and quality of polysaccharides, specifically carrageenans and agars (sulfated galactans) found in red algae species (Rhodophyta). In addition, its historical, current, and emerging applications are also discussed. Carrageenan has been influenced mainly by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and nitrogen, while its relationship with temperature has not yet been replicated by recent studies. Agar’s seasonal trend has also been found to be more ambiguous than stated before, with light, temperature, nutrients, and pH being influencing factors. In this review, it is also shown that, depending on the compound type, seaweed polysaccharides are influenced by very different key factors, which can be crucial in seaweed aquaculture to promote a high yield and quality of polysaccharides. Additionally, factors like the extraction method and storage of polysaccharides also influence the yield and quality of these compounds. This review also highlights the drawbacks and inadequacy inherent from the conventional (or current) extraction technology approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/22/10/432polysaccharidered algaeyield and qualityextraction technology
spellingShingle Madalena Mendes
João Cotas
Diana Pacheco
Kay Ihle
Alina Hillinger
Miguel Cascais
João Carlos Marques
Leonel Pereira
Ana M. M. Gonçalves
Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Phycocolloids: A Road from the Species to the Industry Application
Marine Drugs
polysaccharide
red algae
yield and quality
extraction technology
title Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Phycocolloids: A Road from the Species to the Industry Application
title_full Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Phycocolloids: A Road from the Species to the Industry Application
title_fullStr Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Phycocolloids: A Road from the Species to the Industry Application
title_full_unstemmed Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Phycocolloids: A Road from the Species to the Industry Application
title_short Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Phycocolloids: A Road from the Species to the Industry Application
title_sort red seaweed rhodophyta phycocolloids a road from the species to the industry application
topic polysaccharide
red algae
yield and quality
extraction technology
url https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/22/10/432
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