Dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes: a cross-sectional study in southeast China

BackgroundDietary patterns influence women's risk of breast cancer, but few studies have investigated the association with benign breast nodules, a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, especially by subtypes of the disease.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 3,483 women enrolled in the...

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Main Authors: Pingxiu Zhu, Mei He, Jiamin Gong, Qingling Su, Ruimei Feng, Yundan Cai, Weihong Qiu, Haomin Yang, Shanshan Du, Weimin Ye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1500853/full
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author Pingxiu Zhu
Mei He
Jiamin Gong
Qingling Su
Ruimei Feng
Yundan Cai
Weihong Qiu
Haomin Yang
Haomin Yang
Shanshan Du
Weimin Ye
Weimin Ye
author_facet Pingxiu Zhu
Mei He
Jiamin Gong
Qingling Su
Ruimei Feng
Yundan Cai
Weihong Qiu
Haomin Yang
Haomin Yang
Shanshan Du
Weimin Ye
Weimin Ye
author_sort Pingxiu Zhu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundDietary patterns influence women's risk of breast cancer, but few studies have investigated the association with benign breast nodules, a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, especially by subtypes of the disease.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 3,483 women enrolled in the Fuqing Cohort Study in southeast China was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Dietary patterns were identified from food frequency questionnaires using principal component analysis, and the scores for these patterns were divided into quartiles. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between dietary patterns and benign breast nodules.ResultsWe found four dietary patterns among the women: animal-based dietary pattern, plant-based dietary pattern, fried food/dessert pattern, and nuts pattern. Compared with the lowest quartile, women in the highest quartile of the scores for the animal-based dietary pattern were more likely to have cystic breast nodules (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.12–2.32, and the P-value for trend test = 0.007), especially in postmenopausal women. In addition, women with a high score for fried food/dessert pattern also had higher odds of breast cystic nodules (P-value for trend test = 0.012), with an OR (95% CI) of 1.46 (1.01–2.09) for the fourth quartile group. However, there were no associations between these dietary patterns and solid breast nodules.ConclusionAnimal-based dietary pattern and fried food/dessert pattern were positively associated with cystic breast nodules. These findings suggested the role of unhealthy dietary habits in the development of breast nodules.
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spelling doaj-art-b675befe4ba54004aec5b02a4a8c949f2025-08-20T02:40:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-03-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15008531500853Dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes: a cross-sectional study in southeast ChinaPingxiu Zhu0Mei He1Jiamin Gong2Qingling Su3Ruimei Feng4Yundan Cai5Weihong Qiu6Haomin Yang7Haomin Yang8Shanshan Du9Weimin Ye10Weimin Ye11Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasonography, Fuqing City Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuqing, ChinaInstitute of Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaInstitute of Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasonography, Fuqing City Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuqing, ChinaInstitute of Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenBackgroundDietary patterns influence women's risk of breast cancer, but few studies have investigated the association with benign breast nodules, a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, especially by subtypes of the disease.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 3,483 women enrolled in the Fuqing Cohort Study in southeast China was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Dietary patterns were identified from food frequency questionnaires using principal component analysis, and the scores for these patterns were divided into quartiles. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between dietary patterns and benign breast nodules.ResultsWe found four dietary patterns among the women: animal-based dietary pattern, plant-based dietary pattern, fried food/dessert pattern, and nuts pattern. Compared with the lowest quartile, women in the highest quartile of the scores for the animal-based dietary pattern were more likely to have cystic breast nodules (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.12–2.32, and the P-value for trend test = 0.007), especially in postmenopausal women. In addition, women with a high score for fried food/dessert pattern also had higher odds of breast cystic nodules (P-value for trend test = 0.012), with an OR (95% CI) of 1.46 (1.01–2.09) for the fourth quartile group. However, there were no associations between these dietary patterns and solid breast nodules.ConclusionAnimal-based dietary pattern and fried food/dessert pattern were positively associated with cystic breast nodules. These findings suggested the role of unhealthy dietary habits in the development of breast nodules.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1500853/fulldietary patternsbreast benign nodulesodds ratiocross-sectional studyanimal-based dietary patternfried food/dessert pattern
spellingShingle Pingxiu Zhu
Mei He
Jiamin Gong
Qingling Su
Ruimei Feng
Yundan Cai
Weihong Qiu
Haomin Yang
Haomin Yang
Shanshan Du
Weimin Ye
Weimin Ye
Dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes: a cross-sectional study in southeast China
Frontiers in Nutrition
dietary patterns
breast benign nodules
odds ratio
cross-sectional study
animal-based dietary pattern
fried food/dessert pattern
title Dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes: a cross-sectional study in southeast China
title_full Dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes: a cross-sectional study in southeast China
title_fullStr Dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes: a cross-sectional study in southeast China
title_full_unstemmed Dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes: a cross-sectional study in southeast China
title_short Dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes: a cross-sectional study in southeast China
title_sort dietary patterns associated with benign breast nodules by subtypes a cross sectional study in southeast china
topic dietary patterns
breast benign nodules
odds ratio
cross-sectional study
animal-based dietary pattern
fried food/dessert pattern
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1500853/full
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