Immune enhancement and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves in Oreochromis niloticus
For enhancing the nutritional characteristics of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs), the present research set out to examine the effect of MOLs fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (MOLF) or MOLs powder (MOLP) on innate immunity defense and resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in Oreochromis nil...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| author | Ghada S. Abdelkader El-Sayed Y. El-Naenaeey Hossam M. Abdallah Ehsan H. Abu-Zeid Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan František Zigo Gamal A. Elmowalid |
| author_facet | Ghada S. Abdelkader El-Sayed Y. El-Naenaeey Hossam M. Abdallah Ehsan H. Abu-Zeid Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan František Zigo Gamal A. Elmowalid |
| author_sort | Ghada S. Abdelkader |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For enhancing the nutritional characteristics of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs), the present research set out to examine the effect of MOLs fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (MOLF) or MOLs powder (MOLP) on innate immunity defense and resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in Oreochromis niloticus. A 30-day experiment was conducted with 180 Nile tilapia fingerlings, divided randomly into five equal-sized groups of 36 fingerlings, three replicates per group. The 1st control fish received a basal meal devoid of any supplements. The 2nd MOLP-L and the 3rd MOLP-H fish received basal meals enriched with low and high levels of MOLP (50 g or 100 g/kg diet). The 4th MOLF-L and 5th MOLF-H fish received basal meals enriched with low and high levels of MOLF (50 g or 100 g/kg diet). Ferulic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid were the primary phenolic components identified by HPLC in the fermented MOLs. Meanwhile, naringenin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin, and catechin were the main flavonoids detected. The results revealed that MOLF dietary supplementation enhanced the immune-related outcomes more significantly (P < 0.05) than MOLP in a dose-related manner. Supplementation of MOLF increased serum nitric oxide and lysozyme levels, phagocytic index, phagocytic %, hepatic superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, yet declined the levels of malondialdehyde more significantly (P < 0.05) than the MOLP. The proinflammatory genes IL1β, TNFα, and IL-2 were significantly (P < 0.0.05) down-regulated. In contrast, the expression of the IL-10 gene was markedly upregulated in the spleen and head kidney (anterior) post A. hydrophila challenge in the MOLF-groups than the MOLP-groups. MOLF-supplemented groups showed a significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced relative proportion of survivorship and survival rates but decreased the A. hydrophila bacterial load (CFU) compared to the MOLP-supplemented groups. In conclusion, our findings have offered new insights into the promising immune-enhancing outcome of MOLF as a dietary supplement for immune augmentation against disease challenges in Nile tilapia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b673b711bcf943eabd011ee407ed09f3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b673b711bcf943eabd011ee407ed09f32025-08-20T03:13:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-04-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15576711557671Immune enhancement and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves in Oreochromis niloticusGhada S. Abdelkader0El-Sayed Y. El-Naenaeey1Hossam M. Abdallah2Ehsan H. Abu-Zeid3Ibrahim F. Rehan4Ibrahim F. Rehan5Ibrahim F. Rehan6František Zigo7Gamal A. Elmowalid8Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptDepartment of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, EgyptDepartment of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, JapanDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Komenského, SlovakiaDepartment of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Komenského, SlovakiaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptFor enhancing the nutritional characteristics of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs), the present research set out to examine the effect of MOLs fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (MOLF) or MOLs powder (MOLP) on innate immunity defense and resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in Oreochromis niloticus. A 30-day experiment was conducted with 180 Nile tilapia fingerlings, divided randomly into five equal-sized groups of 36 fingerlings, three replicates per group. The 1st control fish received a basal meal devoid of any supplements. The 2nd MOLP-L and the 3rd MOLP-H fish received basal meals enriched with low and high levels of MOLP (50 g or 100 g/kg diet). The 4th MOLF-L and 5th MOLF-H fish received basal meals enriched with low and high levels of MOLF (50 g or 100 g/kg diet). Ferulic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid were the primary phenolic components identified by HPLC in the fermented MOLs. Meanwhile, naringenin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin, and catechin were the main flavonoids detected. The results revealed that MOLF dietary supplementation enhanced the immune-related outcomes more significantly (P < 0.05) than MOLP in a dose-related manner. Supplementation of MOLF increased serum nitric oxide and lysozyme levels, phagocytic index, phagocytic %, hepatic superoxide dismutase, and glutathione, yet declined the levels of malondialdehyde more significantly (P < 0.05) than the MOLP. The proinflammatory genes IL1β, TNFα, and IL-2 were significantly (P < 0.0.05) down-regulated. In contrast, the expression of the IL-10 gene was markedly upregulated in the spleen and head kidney (anterior) post A. hydrophila challenge in the MOLF-groups than the MOLP-groups. MOLF-supplemented groups showed a significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced relative proportion of survivorship and survival rates but decreased the A. hydrophila bacterial load (CFU) compared to the MOLP-supplemented groups. In conclusion, our findings have offered new insights into the promising immune-enhancing outcome of MOLF as a dietary supplement for immune augmentation against disease challenges in Nile tilapia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1557671/fullLactobacillus plantarum-fermentationMoringa oleiferaNile tilapiainnate immunityphagocytosisimmune-related genes |
| spellingShingle | Ghada S. Abdelkader El-Sayed Y. El-Naenaeey Hossam M. Abdallah Ehsan H. Abu-Zeid Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan František Zigo Gamal A. Elmowalid Immune enhancement and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves in Oreochromis niloticus Frontiers in Veterinary Science Lactobacillus plantarum-fermentation Moringa oleifera Nile tilapia innate immunity phagocytosis immune-related genes |
| title | Immune enhancement and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves in Oreochromis niloticus |
| title_full | Immune enhancement and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves in Oreochromis niloticus |
| title_fullStr | Immune enhancement and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves in Oreochromis niloticus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune enhancement and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves in Oreochromis niloticus |
| title_short | Immune enhancement and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented Moringa oleifera leaves in Oreochromis niloticus |
| title_sort | immune enhancement and disease resistance against aeromonas hydrophila infection by dietary lactobacillus plantarum fermented moringa oleifera leaves in oreochromis niloticus |
| topic | Lactobacillus plantarum-fermentation Moringa oleifera Nile tilapia innate immunity phagocytosis immune-related genes |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1557671/full |
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