Brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease : a quantitative susceptibility mapping study
Abstract Background Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can study the susceptibility values of brain tissue which allows for noninvasive examination of local brain iron levels in both normal and pathological conditions. Purpose Our study compares brain iron deposition in gray matter (GM) nucle...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01638-x |
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| author | Yian Gao Changhu Liang Qihao Zhang Hangwei Zhuang Chaofan Sui Nan Zhang Mengmeng Feng Haotian Xin Lingfei Guo Yi Wang |
| author_facet | Yian Gao Changhu Liang Qihao Zhang Hangwei Zhuang Chaofan Sui Nan Zhang Mengmeng Feng Haotian Xin Lingfei Guo Yi Wang |
| author_sort | Yian Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can study the susceptibility values of brain tissue which allows for noninvasive examination of local brain iron levels in both normal and pathological conditions. Purpose Our study compares brain iron deposition in gray matter (GM) nuclei between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients and healthy controls (HCs), exploring factors that affect iron deposition and cognitive function. Materials and methods A total of 321 subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects had cognitive examination including the Stroop color word test (SCWT) and MRI including multiecho gradient echo (mGRE) sequence. The patients with CSVD were divided into mild to moderate group (CSVD-M, total CSVD score ≤ 1) and severe group (CSVD-S, total CSVD score > 1). Morphology-enabled dipole inversion with an automated uniform cerebrospinal fluid zero reference algorithm (MEDI + 0) was used to generate brain QSM maps from mGRE data. Deep gray regional susceptibility values and cognitive function were compared among three groups (CSVD-S, CSVD-M, and HC) using multiple linear regression analysis and mediation effect analysis. Results There were significant differences in the SCWT scores and mean susceptibility values of the globus pallidus (GP), putamen (Put), and caudate nucleus (CN) among the three groups (P < 0.05, FDR correction). Age had a significant positive impact on the susceptibility values of GP (p = 0.018), Put (p < 0.001), and CN (p < 0.001). A history of diabetes had a significant positive influence on the susceptibility values of Put (p = 0.011) and CN (p < 0.001). A smoking history had a significant positive association with the susceptibility values of CN (p = 0.019). Mediation effect analysis demonstrated that iron deposition in the neostriatum partially mediated the relationship between hypertension and cognitive function. Age, diabetes, and smoking may increase iron deposition in the basal ganglia, associated with cognitive decline. The mean susceptibility values of the neostriatum played a mediating role in the association between hypertension and cognitive scores. Conclusions Age, diabetes, and smoking are associated with increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia and also linked to cognitive decline. This can help with understanding CSVD and its prevention and treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b67304aafa44440da38d606ed239b15f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1758-9193 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-b67304aafa44440da38d606ed239b15f2025-01-12T12:11:00ZengBMCAlzheimer’s Research & Therapy1758-91932025-01-0117111310.1186/s13195-024-01638-xBrain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease : a quantitative susceptibility mapping studyYian Gao0Changhu Liang1Qihao Zhang2Hangwei Zhuang3Chaofan Sui4Nan Zhang5Mengmeng Feng6Haotian Xin7Lingfei Guo8Yi Wang9Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityAbstract Background Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can study the susceptibility values of brain tissue which allows for noninvasive examination of local brain iron levels in both normal and pathological conditions. Purpose Our study compares brain iron deposition in gray matter (GM) nuclei between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients and healthy controls (HCs), exploring factors that affect iron deposition and cognitive function. Materials and methods A total of 321 subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects had cognitive examination including the Stroop color word test (SCWT) and MRI including multiecho gradient echo (mGRE) sequence. The patients with CSVD were divided into mild to moderate group (CSVD-M, total CSVD score ≤ 1) and severe group (CSVD-S, total CSVD score > 1). Morphology-enabled dipole inversion with an automated uniform cerebrospinal fluid zero reference algorithm (MEDI + 0) was used to generate brain QSM maps from mGRE data. Deep gray regional susceptibility values and cognitive function were compared among three groups (CSVD-S, CSVD-M, and HC) using multiple linear regression analysis and mediation effect analysis. Results There were significant differences in the SCWT scores and mean susceptibility values of the globus pallidus (GP), putamen (Put), and caudate nucleus (CN) among the three groups (P < 0.05, FDR correction). Age had a significant positive impact on the susceptibility values of GP (p = 0.018), Put (p < 0.001), and CN (p < 0.001). A history of diabetes had a significant positive influence on the susceptibility values of Put (p = 0.011) and CN (p < 0.001). A smoking history had a significant positive association with the susceptibility values of CN (p = 0.019). Mediation effect analysis demonstrated that iron deposition in the neostriatum partially mediated the relationship between hypertension and cognitive function. Age, diabetes, and smoking may increase iron deposition in the basal ganglia, associated with cognitive decline. The mean susceptibility values of the neostriatum played a mediating role in the association between hypertension and cognitive scores. Conclusions Age, diabetes, and smoking are associated with increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia and also linked to cognitive decline. This can help with understanding CSVD and its prevention and treatment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01638-xQuantitative susceptibility mappingCerebral small vessel diseaseTotal CSVD scoreCognitive impairmentStroop color-word test |
| spellingShingle | Yian Gao Changhu Liang Qihao Zhang Hangwei Zhuang Chaofan Sui Nan Zhang Mengmeng Feng Haotian Xin Lingfei Guo Yi Wang Brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease : a quantitative susceptibility mapping study Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy Quantitative susceptibility mapping Cerebral small vessel disease Total CSVD score Cognitive impairment Stroop color-word test |
| title | Brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease : a quantitative susceptibility mapping study |
| title_full | Brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease : a quantitative susceptibility mapping study |
| title_fullStr | Brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease : a quantitative susceptibility mapping study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease : a quantitative susceptibility mapping study |
| title_short | Brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease : a quantitative susceptibility mapping study |
| title_sort | brain iron deposition and cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease a quantitative susceptibility mapping study |
| topic | Quantitative susceptibility mapping Cerebral small vessel disease Total CSVD score Cognitive impairment Stroop color-word test |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01638-x |
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