A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan
Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, noncontagious, vector-borne viral disease that affects wild and domestic ruminants transmitted by Culicoides spp. A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period 2016-2017 in Gadarif state. A total of 276 sera samples were collected from camels in six loca...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Medicine International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6613217 |
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| author | Hatim H. Abraheem Amira M. Elhassan Mohammed O. Hussien Khalid A. Enan Azza B. Musa Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein |
| author_facet | Hatim H. Abraheem Amira M. Elhassan Mohammed O. Hussien Khalid A. Enan Azza B. Musa Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein |
| author_sort | Hatim H. Abraheem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, noncontagious, vector-borne viral disease that affects wild and domestic ruminants transmitted by Culicoides spp. A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period 2016-2017 in Gadarif state. A total of 276 sera samples were collected from camels in six localities of Gadarif state, eastern Sudan, to investigate bluetongue virus (BTV) seroprevalence and associated risk factors of BTV infection including age, sex, breed, locality, and ecology of the region. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for estimation of BTV seroprevalence rate. The overall BTV seroprevalence rate was 96.7% in the study area ranging from 93.5% to 100% in six screened localities with no significant differences. The findings revealed similar BTV seroprevalence rates in both males and females, but high rates were found in age group of less than one year and two to three years with estimated 100%. However, the lowest seroprevalence was found in the age group of five to four years with estimated BTV to be 92.3%. BTV seropositivity was not found to be statistically associated with examined different camel breeds which revealed 93%, 94.4%, 97.6%, and 97.8% seroprevalence in Bushari, Rashide, Arabi, and Anafi, breeds, respectively. Epidemiology of BTV assessment according to the ecology of the area showed high BTV seroprevalence in desert and savanna with estimated 100% and lower BTV seroprevalence in arid and rich savanna with estimated 94.8% and 95.7%, respectively. There was no significant association between BTV ELISA positivity and sex, breed, and ecology of the area. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b671f9cad4c54c458bbc6c39ad66b28f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2090-8113 2042-0048 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Medicine International |
| spelling | doaj-art-b671f9cad4c54c458bbc6c39ad66b28f2025-08-20T03:20:56ZengWileyVeterinary Medicine International2090-81132042-00482021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66132176613217A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern SudanHatim H. Abraheem0Amira M. Elhassan1Mohammed O. Hussien2Khalid A. Enan3Azza B. Musa4Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein5Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Animal Resources Research Corporation (ARRC), P.O. Box 8067, El Amarat, Khartoum, SudanCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Animal Resources Research Corporation (ARRC), P.O. Box 8067, El Amarat, Khartoum, SudanCentral Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, P.O. Box 7099, Khartoum, SudanCentral Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, P.O. Box 7099, Khartoum, SudanCentral Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, P.O. Box 7099, Khartoum, SudanCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Animal Resources Research Corporation (ARRC), P.O. Box 8067, El Amarat, Khartoum, SudanBluetongue (BT) is an infectious, noncontagious, vector-borne viral disease that affects wild and domestic ruminants transmitted by Culicoides spp. A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period 2016-2017 in Gadarif state. A total of 276 sera samples were collected from camels in six localities of Gadarif state, eastern Sudan, to investigate bluetongue virus (BTV) seroprevalence and associated risk factors of BTV infection including age, sex, breed, locality, and ecology of the region. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for estimation of BTV seroprevalence rate. The overall BTV seroprevalence rate was 96.7% in the study area ranging from 93.5% to 100% in six screened localities with no significant differences. The findings revealed similar BTV seroprevalence rates in both males and females, but high rates were found in age group of less than one year and two to three years with estimated 100%. However, the lowest seroprevalence was found in the age group of five to four years with estimated BTV to be 92.3%. BTV seropositivity was not found to be statistically associated with examined different camel breeds which revealed 93%, 94.4%, 97.6%, and 97.8% seroprevalence in Bushari, Rashide, Arabi, and Anafi, breeds, respectively. Epidemiology of BTV assessment according to the ecology of the area showed high BTV seroprevalence in desert and savanna with estimated 100% and lower BTV seroprevalence in arid and rich savanna with estimated 94.8% and 95.7%, respectively. There was no significant association between BTV ELISA positivity and sex, breed, and ecology of the area.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6613217 |
| spellingShingle | Hatim H. Abraheem Amira M. Elhassan Mohammed O. Hussien Khalid A. Enan Azza B. Musa Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan Veterinary Medicine International |
| title | A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan |
| title_full | A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan |
| title_fullStr | A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan |
| title_short | A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan |
| title_sort | survey of bluetongue infection and associated risk factors among the one humped camel camelus dromedaries in gadarif state eastern sudan |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6613217 |
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