Climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in Ethiopia

Abstract Climate change is expected to affect precipitation and temperature, with consequences for water availability and sanitation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how precipitation and temperature affect households’ decisions on sanitation facilities that vary in their dependence on w...

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Main Authors: Bahre Gebru, Katarina Elofsson, Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah, George Marbuah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Water
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00238-6
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author Bahre Gebru
Katarina Elofsson
Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah
George Marbuah
author_facet Bahre Gebru
Katarina Elofsson
Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah
George Marbuah
author_sort Bahre Gebru
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Climate change is expected to affect precipitation and temperature, with consequences for water availability and sanitation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how precipitation and temperature affect households’ decisions on sanitation facilities that vary in their dependence on water for operation. To this end, we use household-level panel data from the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey in combination with location-matched, high-resolution weather data. Employing a panel fixed-effects regression model, the findings reveal that higher precipitation is significantly associated with an 18% lower (higher) likelihood of using improved (unimproved) sanitation facilities, respectively. Higher temperature has the opposite effect. Both precipitation and temperature have heterogeneous impacts: the effect of precipitation is significant only in male-headed households, while temperature affects the use of shared improved facilities in towns and urban areas. One potential explanation for the influence of precipitation is that heavy precipitation can disrupt access to piped water and sanitation networks by causing physical damage to infrastructure. Furthermore, higher temperature may accelerate the decomposition of solids in septic tanks, thereby reducing the need for water. These findings could help policymakers and practitioners implement evidence-based sanitation interventions to increase access to improved sanitation facilities.
format Article
id doaj-art-b6633f194a0e43c2a329c38331a6ec4d
institution Kabale University
issn 2730-647X
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Springer
record_format Article
series Discover Water
spelling doaj-art-b6633f194a0e43c2a329c38331a6ec4d2025-08-20T03:27:09ZengSpringerDiscover Water2730-647X2025-06-015111710.1007/s43832-025-00238-6Climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in EthiopiaBahre Gebru0Katarina Elofsson1Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah2George Marbuah3Department of Government, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Social Sciences, Technology & Arts, Luleå University of TechnologyAfrican Development Bank, Côte d’IvoireAbstract Climate change is expected to affect precipitation and temperature, with consequences for water availability and sanitation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how precipitation and temperature affect households’ decisions on sanitation facilities that vary in their dependence on water for operation. To this end, we use household-level panel data from the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey in combination with location-matched, high-resolution weather data. Employing a panel fixed-effects regression model, the findings reveal that higher precipitation is significantly associated with an 18% lower (higher) likelihood of using improved (unimproved) sanitation facilities, respectively. Higher temperature has the opposite effect. Both precipitation and temperature have heterogeneous impacts: the effect of precipitation is significant only in male-headed households, while temperature affects the use of shared improved facilities in towns and urban areas. One potential explanation for the influence of precipitation is that heavy precipitation can disrupt access to piped water and sanitation networks by causing physical damage to infrastructure. Furthermore, higher temperature may accelerate the decomposition of solids in septic tanks, thereby reducing the need for water. These findings could help policymakers and practitioners implement evidence-based sanitation interventions to increase access to improved sanitation facilities.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00238-6Climate variabilityEthiopiaPanel fixed effectsPrecipitationSanitation facilityTemperature
spellingShingle Bahre Gebru
Katarina Elofsson
Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah
George Marbuah
Climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in Ethiopia
Discover Water
Climate variability
Ethiopia
Panel fixed effects
Precipitation
Sanitation facility
Temperature
title Climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in Ethiopia
title_full Climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in Ethiopia
title_fullStr Climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in Ethiopia
title_short Climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in Ethiopia
title_sort climate variability and its impact on sanitation facility choice in ethiopia
topic Climate variability
Ethiopia
Panel fixed effects
Precipitation
Sanitation facility
Temperature
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00238-6
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AT katarinaelofsson climatevariabilityanditsimpactonsanitationfacilitychoiceinethiopia
AT franklinamuakwamensah climatevariabilityanditsimpactonsanitationfacilitychoiceinethiopia
AT georgemarbuah climatevariabilityanditsimpactonsanitationfacilitychoiceinethiopia