AI-Driven Innovation in Skin Kinetics for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing Precision
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer an alternative to conventional oral and injectable drug administration by bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and liver metabolism, improving bioavailability, and minimizing systemic side effects. However, widespread adoption of TDDS is limited by chal...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/2/188 |
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| author | Nubul Albayati Sesha Rajeswari Talluri Nirali Dholaria Bozena Michniak-Kohn |
| author_facet | Nubul Albayati Sesha Rajeswari Talluri Nirali Dholaria Bozena Michniak-Kohn |
| author_sort | Nubul Albayati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer an alternative to conventional oral and injectable drug administration by bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and liver metabolism, improving bioavailability, and minimizing systemic side effects. However, widespread adoption of TDDS is limited by challenges such as the skin’s permeability barrier, particularly the stratum corneum, and the need for optimized formulations. Factors like skin type, hydration levels, and age further complicate the development of universally effective solutions. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) address these challenges through predictive modeling and personalized medicine approaches. Machine learning models trained on extensive molecular datasets predict skin permeability and accelerate the selection of suitable drug candidates. AI-driven algorithms optimize formulations, including penetration enhancers and advanced delivery technologies like microneedles and liposomes, while ensuring safety and efficacy. Personalized TDDS design tailors drug delivery to individual patient profiles, enhancing therapeutic precision. Innovative systems, such as sensor-integrated patches, dynamically adjust drug release based on real-time feedback, ensuring optimal outcomes. AI also streamlines the pharmaceutical process, from disease diagnosis to the prediction of drug distribution in skin layers, enabling efficient formulation development. This review highlights AI’s transformative role in TDDS, including applications of models such as Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), BioSIM, COMSOL, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Set Covering Machine (SVM). These technologies revolutionize TDDS for both skin and non-skin diseases, demonstrating AI’s potential to overcome existing barriers and improve patient care through innovative drug delivery solutions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6610b6d80ab4d8ba1389991cf8a6c19 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6610b6d80ab4d8ba1389991cf8a6c192025-08-20T03:12:22ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-02-0117218810.3390/pharmaceutics17020188AI-Driven Innovation in Skin Kinetics for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing PrecisionNubul Albayati0Sesha Rajeswari Talluri1Nirali Dholaria2Bozena Michniak-Kohn3Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAErnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAErnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAErnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USATransdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer an alternative to conventional oral and injectable drug administration by bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and liver metabolism, improving bioavailability, and minimizing systemic side effects. However, widespread adoption of TDDS is limited by challenges such as the skin’s permeability barrier, particularly the stratum corneum, and the need for optimized formulations. Factors like skin type, hydration levels, and age further complicate the development of universally effective solutions. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) address these challenges through predictive modeling and personalized medicine approaches. Machine learning models trained on extensive molecular datasets predict skin permeability and accelerate the selection of suitable drug candidates. AI-driven algorithms optimize formulations, including penetration enhancers and advanced delivery technologies like microneedles and liposomes, while ensuring safety and efficacy. Personalized TDDS design tailors drug delivery to individual patient profiles, enhancing therapeutic precision. Innovative systems, such as sensor-integrated patches, dynamically adjust drug release based on real-time feedback, ensuring optimal outcomes. AI also streamlines the pharmaceutical process, from disease diagnosis to the prediction of drug distribution in skin layers, enabling efficient formulation development. This review highlights AI’s transformative role in TDDS, including applications of models such as Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), BioSIM, COMSOL, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Set Covering Machine (SVM). These technologies revolutionize TDDS for both skin and non-skin diseases, demonstrating AI’s potential to overcome existing barriers and improve patient care through innovative drug delivery solutions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/2/188artificial intelligencetransdermal drug deliverymachine learningformula optimizationBioSIM |
| spellingShingle | Nubul Albayati Sesha Rajeswari Talluri Nirali Dholaria Bozena Michniak-Kohn AI-Driven Innovation in Skin Kinetics for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing Precision Pharmaceutics artificial intelligence transdermal drug delivery machine learning formula optimization BioSIM |
| title | AI-Driven Innovation in Skin Kinetics for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing Precision |
| title_full | AI-Driven Innovation in Skin Kinetics for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing Precision |
| title_fullStr | AI-Driven Innovation in Skin Kinetics for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing Precision |
| title_full_unstemmed | AI-Driven Innovation in Skin Kinetics for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing Precision |
| title_short | AI-Driven Innovation in Skin Kinetics for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers and Enhancing Precision |
| title_sort | ai driven innovation in skin kinetics for transdermal drug delivery overcoming barriers and enhancing precision |
| topic | artificial intelligence transdermal drug delivery machine learning formula optimization BioSIM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/2/188 |
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