Epoxy-based nanocomposites containing sustainable fillers for the realization of speckle patterns for digital image correlation analysis
Abstract The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a non-contact technique that analyses a sequence of images providing full field measurement of displacements and strains over time. The DIC experimental set-up requires a speckle pattern. In this work a new epoxy-based nanocomposite, containing TiO2 na...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89963-5 |
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| author | Michele Perrella Aurelio Bifulco Antonio Aronne Claudio Imparato Immacolata Climaco Mattia Bartoli Matteo Bruno Gabriele Cricrì Enrico Armentani |
| author_facet | Michele Perrella Aurelio Bifulco Antonio Aronne Claudio Imparato Immacolata Climaco Mattia Bartoli Matteo Bruno Gabriele Cricrì Enrico Armentani |
| author_sort | Michele Perrella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a non-contact technique that analyses a sequence of images providing full field measurement of displacements and strains over time. The DIC experimental set-up requires a speckle pattern. In this work a new epoxy-based nanocomposite, containing TiO2 nanoparticles and coffee-derived biochar fillers, was developed to obtain an ecofriendly flame-retardant material with suitable mechanical and optical properties for its use as speckle pattern for DIC applications. The optimized formulation is characterized by a uniform distribution of TiO2 and biochar particles and can be employed as self-standing material during the manufacturing of composite reinforcements. The physicochemical properties, mechanical behaviour and fire performances of the nanocomposite are described. The incorporation of the additives in the epoxy resin increases the Young’s modulus by around 30% and almost doubles the burn-through time with respect to pristine resin, suggesting a slight condensed phase mechanism arising from the synergistic action of TiO2 and biochar. The effectiveness for creating DIC speckle patterns is validated by comparing the experimental strains measured by means of DIC analysis with those obtained through a traditional technique. Finally, the durability of the speckle patterns was assessed by accelerated thermal aging tests, confirming the potential application of the material in structural health monitoring of composite structures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b64a0191b83c4ecc9a1839bb098a9d05 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b64a0191b83c4ecc9a1839bb098a9d052025-08-20T03:04:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-89963-5Epoxy-based nanocomposites containing sustainable fillers for the realization of speckle patterns for digital image correlation analysisMichele Perrella0Aurelio Bifulco1Antonio Aronne2Claudio Imparato3Immacolata Climaco4Mattia Bartoli5Matteo Bruno6Gabriele Cricrì7Enrico Armentani8Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, Università di Napoli Federico IIDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, Università di Napoli Federico IIDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, Università di Napoli Federico IIDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, Università di Napoli Federico IIDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, Università di Napoli Federico IICenter for Sustainable Future Technologies—CSFT@POLITODepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, Università di Napoli Federico IIDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Università di Napoli Federico IIDepartment of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, Università di Napoli Federico IIAbstract The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a non-contact technique that analyses a sequence of images providing full field measurement of displacements and strains over time. The DIC experimental set-up requires a speckle pattern. In this work a new epoxy-based nanocomposite, containing TiO2 nanoparticles and coffee-derived biochar fillers, was developed to obtain an ecofriendly flame-retardant material with suitable mechanical and optical properties for its use as speckle pattern for DIC applications. The optimized formulation is characterized by a uniform distribution of TiO2 and biochar particles and can be employed as self-standing material during the manufacturing of composite reinforcements. The physicochemical properties, mechanical behaviour and fire performances of the nanocomposite are described. The incorporation of the additives in the epoxy resin increases the Young’s modulus by around 30% and almost doubles the burn-through time with respect to pristine resin, suggesting a slight condensed phase mechanism arising from the synergistic action of TiO2 and biochar. The effectiveness for creating DIC speckle patterns is validated by comparing the experimental strains measured by means of DIC analysis with those obtained through a traditional technique. Finally, the durability of the speckle patterns was assessed by accelerated thermal aging tests, confirming the potential application of the material in structural health monitoring of composite structures.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89963-5Epoxy resin nanocompositeDigital image correlationExperimental mechanicsSpeckle patternCoffee biocharFlammability |
| spellingShingle | Michele Perrella Aurelio Bifulco Antonio Aronne Claudio Imparato Immacolata Climaco Mattia Bartoli Matteo Bruno Gabriele Cricrì Enrico Armentani Epoxy-based nanocomposites containing sustainable fillers for the realization of speckle patterns for digital image correlation analysis Scientific Reports Epoxy resin nanocomposite Digital image correlation Experimental mechanics Speckle pattern Coffee biochar Flammability |
| title | Epoxy-based nanocomposites containing sustainable fillers for the realization of speckle patterns for digital image correlation analysis |
| title_full | Epoxy-based nanocomposites containing sustainable fillers for the realization of speckle patterns for digital image correlation analysis |
| title_fullStr | Epoxy-based nanocomposites containing sustainable fillers for the realization of speckle patterns for digital image correlation analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epoxy-based nanocomposites containing sustainable fillers for the realization of speckle patterns for digital image correlation analysis |
| title_short | Epoxy-based nanocomposites containing sustainable fillers for the realization of speckle patterns for digital image correlation analysis |
| title_sort | epoxy based nanocomposites containing sustainable fillers for the realization of speckle patterns for digital image correlation analysis |
| topic | Epoxy resin nanocomposite Digital image correlation Experimental mechanics Speckle pattern Coffee biochar Flammability |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89963-5 |
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