Evaluating the disability employment gap and Its determinants: findings from a population-based cohort study in spinal cord injury

IntroductionThe disability employment gap (DEG) is instrumental in monitoring social progress and employment inequalities. This study evaluated the DEG and its determinants among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Switzerland.MethodsEmployment data from three consecutive population-based survey...

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Main Authors: Mahesh Sarki, Urban Schwegler, George Austin-Cliff, Mayra Galvis Aparicio, Christine Reuse, Martin W. G. Brinkhof
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2025.1572158/full
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author Mahesh Sarki
Urban Schwegler
Urban Schwegler
George Austin-Cliff
George Austin-Cliff
Mayra Galvis Aparicio
Mayra Galvis Aparicio
Christine Reuse
Martin W. G. Brinkhof
Martin W. G. Brinkhof
author_facet Mahesh Sarki
Urban Schwegler
Urban Schwegler
George Austin-Cliff
George Austin-Cliff
Mayra Galvis Aparicio
Mayra Galvis Aparicio
Christine Reuse
Martin W. G. Brinkhof
Martin W. G. Brinkhof
author_sort Mahesh Sarki
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThe disability employment gap (DEG) is instrumental in monitoring social progress and employment inequalities. This study evaluated the DEG and its determinants among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Switzerland.MethodsEmployment data from three consecutive population-based surveys were analyzed and compared with the general Swiss population, matched according to sex, age, year, and region of residence. Mixed-effects Poisson regression modelling was applied to evaluate the determinants of labor market participation (LMP) and derive marginal predictions for the DEG.ResultsDEGs decreased over calendar time, with individuals with complete tetraplegia exhibiting the most substantial reduction (2012: −37%, 2022: −25%); however, their probability of LMP in 2022 remained 25% lower than those with incomplete paraplegia. The DEG marginally increased among those with the fewest years of education (0–9) (2012: −48.1%, 2022: −49.2%). Regional disparities were also observed.ConclusionsOur findings indicate improved LMP opportunities in the Swiss SCI population, but also highlight the need to promote access to quality employment opportunities, vocational education, and training programs for severely injured individuals with low education. Additionally, efforts should be made to ensure equal LMP prospects across Switzerland.
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spelling doaj-art-b63c775bc0054928a8bafbc808e462f32025-08-20T03:14:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences2673-68612025-04-01610.3389/fresc.2025.15721581572158Evaluating the disability employment gap and Its determinants: findings from a population-based cohort study in spinal cord injuryMahesh Sarki0Urban Schwegler1Urban Schwegler2George Austin-Cliff3George Austin-Cliff4Mayra Galvis Aparicio5Mayra Galvis Aparicio6Christine Reuse7Martin W. G. Brinkhof8Martin W. G. Brinkhof9Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, SwitzerlandSwiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, SwitzerlandFaculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, SwitzerlandSwiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, SwitzerlandFaculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, SwitzerlandSwiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, SwitzerlandFaculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, SwitzerlandInstitute of Vocational Integration (ParaWork), Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, SwitzerlandSwiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, SwitzerlandFaculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, SwitzerlandIntroductionThe disability employment gap (DEG) is instrumental in monitoring social progress and employment inequalities. This study evaluated the DEG and its determinants among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Switzerland.MethodsEmployment data from three consecutive population-based surveys were analyzed and compared with the general Swiss population, matched according to sex, age, year, and region of residence. Mixed-effects Poisson regression modelling was applied to evaluate the determinants of labor market participation (LMP) and derive marginal predictions for the DEG.ResultsDEGs decreased over calendar time, with individuals with complete tetraplegia exhibiting the most substantial reduction (2012: −37%, 2022: −25%); however, their probability of LMP in 2022 remained 25% lower than those with incomplete paraplegia. The DEG marginally increased among those with the fewest years of education (0–9) (2012: −48.1%, 2022: −49.2%). Regional disparities were also observed.ConclusionsOur findings indicate improved LMP opportunities in the Swiss SCI population, but also highlight the need to promote access to quality employment opportunities, vocational education, and training programs for severely injured individuals with low education. Additionally, efforts should be made to ensure equal LMP prospects across Switzerland.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2025.1572158/fulllabor market participationspinal cord injurydisability employment gapgeneral populationlongitudinal
spellingShingle Mahesh Sarki
Urban Schwegler
Urban Schwegler
George Austin-Cliff
George Austin-Cliff
Mayra Galvis Aparicio
Mayra Galvis Aparicio
Christine Reuse
Martin W. G. Brinkhof
Martin W. G. Brinkhof
Evaluating the disability employment gap and Its determinants: findings from a population-based cohort study in spinal cord injury
Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences
labor market participation
spinal cord injury
disability employment gap
general population
longitudinal
title Evaluating the disability employment gap and Its determinants: findings from a population-based cohort study in spinal cord injury
title_full Evaluating the disability employment gap and Its determinants: findings from a population-based cohort study in spinal cord injury
title_fullStr Evaluating the disability employment gap and Its determinants: findings from a population-based cohort study in spinal cord injury
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the disability employment gap and Its determinants: findings from a population-based cohort study in spinal cord injury
title_short Evaluating the disability employment gap and Its determinants: findings from a population-based cohort study in spinal cord injury
title_sort evaluating the disability employment gap and its determinants findings from a population based cohort study in spinal cord injury
topic labor market participation
spinal cord injury
disability employment gap
general population
longitudinal
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2025.1572158/full
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