In silico genomic surveillance by CoVerage predicts and characterizes SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest

Abstract Rapidly evolving viral pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 continuously accumulate amino acid changes, some of which affect transmissibility, virulence or improve the virus’ ability to escape host immunity. Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple lineages with concerning phenotypi...

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Main Authors: Katrina Norwood, Zhi-Luo Deng, Susanne Reimering, Gary Robertson, Mohammad-Hadi Foroughmand-Araabi, Sama Goliaei, Martin Hölzer, Frank Klawonn, Alice C. McHardy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60231-4
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author Katrina Norwood
Zhi-Luo Deng
Susanne Reimering
Gary Robertson
Mohammad-Hadi Foroughmand-Araabi
Sama Goliaei
Martin Hölzer
Frank Klawonn
Alice C. McHardy
author_facet Katrina Norwood
Zhi-Luo Deng
Susanne Reimering
Gary Robertson
Mohammad-Hadi Foroughmand-Araabi
Sama Goliaei
Martin Hölzer
Frank Klawonn
Alice C. McHardy
author_sort Katrina Norwood
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Rapidly evolving viral pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 continuously accumulate amino acid changes, some of which affect transmissibility, virulence or improve the virus’ ability to escape host immunity. Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple lineages with concerning phenotypic alterations, so-called Variants of Concern (VOCs), have emerged and risen to predominance. To optimize public health management and ensure the continued efficacy of vaccines, the early detection of such variants is essential. Therefore, large-scale viral genomic surveillance programs have been initiated worldwide, with data being deposited in public repositories in a timely manner. However, technologies for their continuous interpretation are lacking. Here, we describe the CoVerage system ( www.sarscoverage.org ) for viral genomic surveillance, which continuously predicts and characterizes emerging potential Variants of Interest (pVOIs) from country-wise lineage frequency dynamics, together with their antigenic and evolutionary alterations utilizing the GISAID viral genome resource. In a comprehensive assessment of VOIs, VUMs, and VOCs, we demonstrate how CoVerage can be used to swiftly identify and characterize such variants, with a lead time of almost three months relative to their WHO designation. CoVerage can facilitate the timely identification and assessment of future SARS-CoV-2 variants relevant for public health.
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spelling doaj-art-b63b2190079b426b8db5b2b9f7bc9ea02025-08-20T03:05:10ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111710.1038/s41467-025-60231-4In silico genomic surveillance by CoVerage predicts and characterizes SARS-CoV-2 variants of interestKatrina Norwood0Zhi-Luo Deng1Susanne Reimering2Gary Robertson3Mohammad-Hadi Foroughmand-Araabi4Sama Goliaei5Martin Hölzer6Frank Klawonn7Alice C. McHardy8Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchComputational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchComputational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchComputational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchComputational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchComputational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchGenome Competence Center (MF1), Robert Koch InstituteBiostatistics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchComputational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchAbstract Rapidly evolving viral pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 continuously accumulate amino acid changes, some of which affect transmissibility, virulence or improve the virus’ ability to escape host immunity. Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, multiple lineages with concerning phenotypic alterations, so-called Variants of Concern (VOCs), have emerged and risen to predominance. To optimize public health management and ensure the continued efficacy of vaccines, the early detection of such variants is essential. Therefore, large-scale viral genomic surveillance programs have been initiated worldwide, with data being deposited in public repositories in a timely manner. However, technologies for their continuous interpretation are lacking. Here, we describe the CoVerage system ( www.sarscoverage.org ) for viral genomic surveillance, which continuously predicts and characterizes emerging potential Variants of Interest (pVOIs) from country-wise lineage frequency dynamics, together with their antigenic and evolutionary alterations utilizing the GISAID viral genome resource. In a comprehensive assessment of VOIs, VUMs, and VOCs, we demonstrate how CoVerage can be used to swiftly identify and characterize such variants, with a lead time of almost three months relative to their WHO designation. CoVerage can facilitate the timely identification and assessment of future SARS-CoV-2 variants relevant for public health.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60231-4
spellingShingle Katrina Norwood
Zhi-Luo Deng
Susanne Reimering
Gary Robertson
Mohammad-Hadi Foroughmand-Araabi
Sama Goliaei
Martin Hölzer
Frank Klawonn
Alice C. McHardy
In silico genomic surveillance by CoVerage predicts and characterizes SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest
Nature Communications
title In silico genomic surveillance by CoVerage predicts and characterizes SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest
title_full In silico genomic surveillance by CoVerage predicts and characterizes SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest
title_fullStr In silico genomic surveillance by CoVerage predicts and characterizes SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest
title_full_unstemmed In silico genomic surveillance by CoVerage predicts and characterizes SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest
title_short In silico genomic surveillance by CoVerage predicts and characterizes SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest
title_sort in silico genomic surveillance by coverage predicts and characterizes sars cov 2 variants of interest
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60231-4
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